QnTM: Quantum Control of Coherence in Nanoelectronic Quantum Systems

QnTM：纳米电子量子系统相干性的量子控制

• 批准号: 0432089
• 负责人: Pritiraj Mohanty
• 金额: $ 25.5万
• 依托单位: Trustees of Boston University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-08-15 至 2007-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0432089&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: QnTM; Quantum; Control; Coherence; Nanoelectronic

Quantum computation holds tremendous potential as the next generation technology. Similar to the binary bits in classical computation, information can be stored in two-state quantum bits or qubits, which can entangle with each other to provide possibilities of quantum parallelism and quantum computation. The qubit manifests quantum superposition, which enables it to remain in multiple states at the same time, allowing an infinite set of possibilities for storing information. Furthermore, quantum parallelism makes it possible to process information at an astoundingly high speed with more efficient "quantum" algorithms. However, the main obstacle towards the practical realization of quantum bit systems is the loss of coherence or decoherence. Due to its coupling to the environmental noise, the quantum bit loses is coherence or its ability to form quantum superposition states, which results in the loss of quantum information. Therefore, it is essential to develop techniques for controlling coherence of to minimize the effect of environmental coupling. This project involves a comprehensive effort for developing control techniques to engineer the coupling between the quantum system and the environment, and increase the coherence time to maintain quantum superposition states for a longer period of time. The specific goal of this project is to devise methods for controlling quantum coherence in the electron wave function in nanoelectronic devices. The experiments will involve ultra-fast picosecond pulses and pulse trains for designing suitable environment for the electron to control, and perhaps, to reverse the effect of decoherence. The successful realization of these experiments will allow multiple quantum gate operations within the enhanced coherence time, which is necessary for quantum computation. As an enabling technology, coherence control in solid-state-based quantum systems will be a revolutionary advance towards the ultimate goal of realizing practical quantum computers. This project will have significant impact on the students, who will benefit from their training in the cutting-edge technologies of nanoscience and their exposure to advanced concepts in quantum information science. Both the training and the research will enable these young researchers to be part of the nation's next-generation workforce in nanotechnology.

量子计算作为下一代技术具有巨大的潜力。与经典计算中的二进制比特类似，信息可以存储在两态量子比特或量子比特中，它们可以相互纠缠，从而提供量子并行和量子计算的可能性。量子比特体现了量子叠加，这使得它能够同时保持在多个状态，从而允许存储信息的无限可能性。此外，量子并行性使得用更有效的“量子”算法以惊人的速度处理信息成为可能。然而，量子比特系统实际实现的主要障碍是相干性或退相干的损失。由于与环境噪声的耦合，量子比特失去了相干性或形成量子叠加态的能力，从而导致量子信息的丢失。因此，必须开发控制一致性的技术，以最大限度地减少环境耦合的影响。 该项目涉及开发控制技术的全面努力，以工程量子系统与环境之间的耦合，并增加相干时间，以保持量子叠加态更长的时间。该项目的具体目标是设计控制纳米电子器件中电子波函数量子相干性的方法。 实验将涉及超快皮秒脉冲和脉冲序列，用于设计合适的环境，以便电子控制，也许可以逆转退相干效应。这些实验的成功实现将允许在增强的相干时间内进行多个量子门操作，这是量子计算所必需的。 作为一种使能技术，基于固态的量子系统中的相干控制将是实现实用量子计算机最终目标的革命性进展。该项目将对学生产生重大影响，他们将受益于纳米科学前沿技术的培训以及量子信息科学的先进概念。培训和研究将使这些年轻的研究人员成为国家下一代纳米技术劳动力的一部分。