Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant:The Impact of the Spanish Colonial Regime on Maya Household Production at Lamanai, Belize during the Late Postclassic to Colonial Transition

博士论文改进补助金：后古典时代晚期到殖民时期过渡时期西班牙殖民政权对伯利兹拉马奈玛雅家庭生产的影响

• 批准号: 0432267
• 负责人: Scott Fedick
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of California-Riverside
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-11-01 至 2006-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0432267&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Impact

Under the supervision of Dr. Scott Fedick, Darcy Wiewall will analyze data gathered during her archaeological excavations at the Maya site of Lamanai in Northern Belize. Lamanai is notable for having produced the first fruitful information on Maya/Spanish interaction in the southern Maya lowlands. In the Late Postclassic period the community was a small, but flourishing political and economic polity in the central Maya lowlands. Circa 1546, Lamanai was incorporated into the Spanish colonial encomienda system, which required individual households to pay specified amounts of traditional and non-traditional goods. Wiewall's excavations focused on recovery of multiple lines of data that will assess the extent to which household organization, production, and consumption strategies and their corresponding gender relations of production shifted between the Late Postclassic (A.D. 1450-1546) and Spanish Colonial Periods (A.D. 1546-1650). (132).To understand how the impact of Spanish state formation altered Maya commoner households one can reconstruct household socio-economic activities through application of the house lot model. The house lot is composed of the dwelling, associated buildings and the immediate surrounding area where household activities were carried out and were traces of material and organic by-products of those activities remain. As a household under goes change, specific behaviors or activities may be abandoned or initiated, or the proportions of different activities may change relative to others. Documenting changes in house lot configurations and activities (food preparation, craftwork, gardening, etc.) across space will contribute to understanding the range of activities in which people participated and the decisions they made about labor and resource allocations. Likewise, through comparing individual household groups we gain insight into social organization (gender, age, class, ethnicity) and economic and political organization. (143)This project examines four house lots and compares the activities performed within this space. A set of archaeological correlates were developed to distinguish a Late Postclassic from a Colonial house lot and thereby the extent of changes in household organization, production, and consumption strategies. Because many productive activities that differentiate households socio-economically from one another take place in areas adjacent to the dwelling this project was geared toward recovery and analysis of non-observable remains accessible through soil chemistry (phosphate) and paleoethnobotanical samples. (82)This project will have a broader impact by enhancing the level of public understanding of science both in Belize and the United States. Public outreach associated with the project has focused on the community of Indian Church, located adjacent to Lamanai. The Co-PI has implemented a program for local women to receive training and skills as archaeological laboratory assistants. This training will prepare them for future employment with other archaeologists and other researchers conducting investigations in the area. These new skills will open up opportunities for employment with the Belize Institute of Archaeology. Outreach also includes tours of the site and laboratory facilities for the local community and submission of field reports to the community library. The research findings will be disseminated through class lecture, local archaeology interest groups, professional meetings, and scholarly publications. Furthermore, the award will assist in graduate student training.

在斯科特·费迪克博士的监督下，达西·威沃尔将分析她在伯利兹北部拉马奈玛雅遗址进行考古挖掘时收集的数据。值得注意的是，拉马奈提供了关于玛雅人/西班牙人在玛雅低地南部相互作用的第一个富有成效的信息。在后古典时期晚期，这个社区是玛雅低地中部的一个小而繁荣的政治和经济政体。大约在1546年，拉马奈被纳入西班牙殖民制度，该制度要求每个家庭支付一定数量的传统和非传统商品。Wiewall的挖掘集中于恢复多条线的数据，这些数据将评估家庭组织、生产和消费战略以及它们相应的性别生产关系在后经典晚期(公元1450-1546)和西班牙殖民时期(公元1546-1650)之间的变化程度。(132).为了了解西班牙国家形成的影响如何改变玛雅平民家庭，人们可以通过应用地块模型来重建家庭的社会经济活动。该地块由住宅、相关建筑和家庭活动的邻近周边地区组成，这些活动留下了材料和有机副产品的痕迹。当一个家庭处于变化中时，特定的行为或活动可能会被放弃或发起，或者不同活动的比例可能会相对于其他活动发生变化。记录房屋地块配置和活动的变化(食物准备、工艺、园艺等)跨空间活动将有助于了解人们参与的活动范围以及他们就劳动力和资源分配作出的决定。同样，通过比较个别家庭群体，我们可以洞察社会组织(性别、年龄、阶级、种族)以及经济和政治组织。(143)这个项目考察了四个房屋地块，并比较了在这个空间内进行的活动。一组考古学相关性被开发出来，以区分晚期的后经典作品和殖民地时期的房屋地段，从而区分家庭组织、生产和消费策略的变化程度。由于许多使家庭在社会经济上相互区别的生产活动发生在住所附近的地区，因此该项目旨在通过土壤化学(磷酸盐)和古民族植物学样本恢复和分析不可观察到的遗骸。(82)该项目将提高伯利兹和美国公众对科学的理解水平，从而产生更广泛的影响。与该项目相关的公众宣传活动主要集中在拉马奈附近的印第安人教会社区。联合会实施了一项方案，让当地妇女接受作为考古实验室助理的培训和技能。这项培训将为他们将来在该地区进行调查的其他考古学家和其他研究人员的工作做好准备。这些新技能将为伯利兹考古研究所提供就业机会。外联活动还包括为当地社区参观场地和实验室设施，并向社区图书馆提交实地报告。研究成果将通过课堂讲座、当地考古兴趣小组、专业会议和学术出版物进行传播。此外，该奖项还将有助于研究生的培训。