SGER: Observing the Interdependence of Precipitation and Precipitable Water Vapor during the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME)

SGER：观察北美季风实验期间降水和可降水水汽的相互依赖性（NAME）

• 批准号: 0434790
• 负责人: Emil Kursinski
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-06-01 至 2005-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0434790&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SGER; Observing; Interdependence; Precipitation; Precipitable

The overall scientific objective of this investigation is to understand the interdependence of the summertime precipitation and vertically integrated precipitable water vapor (PWV) in the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) Mountains in Northwestern Mexico during the North American Monsoon (NAM). The focus is on characterizing and understanding, at several time scales, the PWV, boundary layer moisture, winds, convective storm environment and precipitation and evaporation within the SMO and how they are modulated by larger-scale weather features, such as inverted troughs, tropical storms, and Gulf surges as well as how they are affected by the previous day's convective activity. The PI hypothesizes that a strong diurnal cycle in PWV exists within the NAME region that leads to maximum convective available potential energy (CAPE) and minimum convective inhibition (CIN) over the middle elevations, SMO foothills and the Mexican thorn forest region, west of the divide of the SMO, coinciding with the area of observed maximum summer rainfalls and convective storm intensities. It is further hypothesized that this diurnal cycle of PWV is modulated significantly by transient mesoscale and large-scale weather features that frequently affect the NAME region during summer, e.g., organized and large mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), northward surges of low-level moisture up the Gulf of California, westward moving middle and upper-level cyclones and inverted troughs, and northward moving tropical disturbances. To accomplish his goals, the PI will place a network of 6 GPS receivers (that provide continuous measurements of PWV) and surface meteorological instrumentation at locations across the SMO to make observations during the NAME field campaign (summer 2004). Broader impacts include improved understanding of the processes that regulate summer rainfall over the North American monsoon region, which can lead to more accurate precipitation forecasts of benefit to societal activities including water management.

本次调查的总体科学目标是了解北美季风期间墨西哥西北部马德雷山脉夏季降水与垂直积分可降水量之间的相互依赖关系。重点是在几个时间尺度上描述和了解SMO内的PWV、边界层湿度、风、对流风暴环境和降水和蒸发，以及它们如何受到更大尺度的天气特征的调制，如倒槽、热带风暴和墨西哥湾涌浪，以及它们如何受到前一天对流活动的影响。PI假设PWV存在一个较强的日循环，它导致中海拔、SMO丘陵和SMO分水岭以西的墨西哥刺林区出现最大对流有效势能(CAPE)和最小对流抑制(CIN)，这与观测到的夏季最大降水和对流风暴强度的区域一致。它进一步假设，PWV的这一日循环明显受到夏季经常影响该地区的瞬变中尺度和大尺度天气特征的调制，例如有组织的大型中尺度对流系统(MCSs)、沿加利福尼亚州海湾向上的低层水汽向北涌动、向西移动的中高层气旋和倒槽，以及向北移动的热带扰动。为了实现他的目标，PI将在测绘处的各个地点放置一个由6个全球定位系统接收器(提供PWV的连续测量)和地面气象仪器组成的网络，以便在命名实地活动(2004年夏季)期间进行观测。更广泛的影响包括更好地了解调节北美季风区夏季降雨的过程，这可以导致更准确的降水预报，从而有利于包括水管理在内的社会活动。