Collaborative Research: Understanding Fault Zone Compliance by Seismic Probing of InSAR Anomalies

该项目旨在测量断层带中的岩石比周围未破碎的岩石脆弱多少。 该机构联盟将部署地震仪来记录爆炸和地震。 该实验将首先根据P、S和表面波速度破译地壳结构，然后根据岩石强度和裂缝密度解释波速图。该小组还将在几年内用GPS测量地面变形。 这些结构将与卫星变形监测所注意到的特征进行比较。 所收集的见解将有助于理解为什么断层系统会这样形成。 更具体地说，加州断层系统中断层的间距和地震的频率已经成熟，可以更深入地了解，这个项目将努力朝着这个方向取得进展，调查人员建议整合加州大学洛杉矶分校，加州大学圣地亚哥分校，和南加州大学系统地绘制了结构交叉-Calico和平托山断层带的一部分，在Landers和Hector矿地震中表现出异常应变。 他们将部署便携式地震仪进行有源实验，以绘制浅层断层结构，并进行无源实验，以成像更深的结构。他们的观测将测试和扩展以前的干涉合成孔径雷达建模，以更好地解决断层带异常的幅度，宽度和深度。该项目将使用各种方法探索莫哈韦地震断层的结构和演变。研究结果将限制断层带弱点的大小和强度在整个地震周期的变化，并导致更好地理解断层mechanics.This项目支持在三所大学的教育计划，包括研究生研究和本科生的实地项目。机构之间的合作将通过定期举行的PI，学生和博士后会议来促进，以讨论相关的科学和项目的状态。这项研究的结果将通过出版物、会议介绍和媒体联系，包括一个项目网站广泛传播。 这项研究将更好地了解断层行为，最终改善地震预报，减少伤亡和破坏。

This project aims to measure how much weaker are the rocks in fault zones than the surrounding, unbroken rocks. The consortium of institutions will deploy seismometers to record explosions and earthquakes. The experiment will first decipher the structure of the crust in terms of P, S, and surface wave speeds, then interpret the wavespeed maps in terms of rock strength and crack density. The group will also measure the ground deformation over several years with GPS. These structures will be compared with the features noted with satellite deformation monitoring. The insights gatheredwill help understand why fault systems form as they do. More specifically, the spacing of faults and the frequency of earthquakes across the fault system in California is ripe for a deeper understanding, and this project will strive for progress in this direction.The investigators propose to integrate the expertise at UCLA, UCSD, and USC to systematically map the structural cross-section of the Calico and Pinto Mountain fault zones across profiles that exhibited anomalous strain in response to the Landers and Hector Mine earthquakes. They will deploy portable seismographs in both an active-source experiment to map the shallow fault structure and a passive-source experiment to image deeper structure. Their observations will test and extend previous InSAR modeling to better resolve the amplitude, width and depth of fault zone anomalies. This project will explore the structure and evolution of seismogenic faults in the Mojave using a variety of methods. The results will constrain the size of fault zone weakness and variations in strength across the earthquake cycle and lead to improved understanding of fault mechanics.This project supports educational programs at three universities, including graduate student research and field programs for undergraduates. Collaboration between institutions will be promoted by regular meetings of the PIs, students and postdocs to discuss relevant science and the state of the project. Results of this research will be widely disseminated through publications, conference presentations and media contacts, including a project website. This research will provide a better understanding of fault behavior, leading eventually to improved earthquake forecasting and reduced casualties and damage.