Head Stabilization in Running

跑步时的头部稳定性

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0443994
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    --
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2005-04-15 至 2008-03-31
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

It has recently been hypothesized that many novel aspects of human anatomy reflect adaptations for endurance running. But humans, as bipeds, have special problems counteracting the tendency of the head to pitch forward during running, especially when the heel strikes the ground (heelstrike). The hypothesis tested here is that humans have evolved a novel mechanism, partially convergent with that of quadrupedal running animals, for counteracting the tendency of the head to pitch during bouncy running gaits at moderate, endurance speeds. Therefore, the project will study how humans stabilize the head during walking and running, and compare some of these mechanisms with a quadrupedal mammal.The key component of this project is a biomechanical and anatomical model that incorporates differences between the pendular and mass-spring mechanics of walking versus running. Although humans have vertically-oriented necks with restricted ranges of head movement, the muscular connections between the head and the shoulder are mostly de-coupled in humans, with the primary exception of the a small portion of the trapezius muscle (the cliedocranial trapezius, CCT). Humans also have a nuchal ligament, a tendon-like structure absent in great apes but present in other mammals. The human nuchal ligament connects with the CCT and inserts on the back of the head. Thus when the CCT contracts, it is hypothesized to link the mass of the arm with the mass of the head. Specifically, as the arm and shoulder girdle fall at heelstrike, inertial forces of the arm may passively extend the head just when it tends to pitch forward. Hypotheses derived from the model will be tested experimentally in humans and sheep during walking and running on a treadmill and force plate at a variety of speeds and with different tasks while looking at a focal point. Various sensors will be used to collect data on positions, accelerations and displacements of the head, shoulder and arms. In addition, electromyography (EMG) data will be obtained from the major muscles involved in head extension.In terms of scientific merit, the results of these experiments will help improve our understanding of the how humans stabilize their heads during running, a poorly studied subject. While there has been much research on the functional morphology of walking, less is known about running. The results are especially relevant to framing and testing the hypothesis that endurance running played a key role in human evolution. In terms of broader impact, the experiments planned here will be published in anthropology and biology journals, helping to integrate experimental and evolutionary research in these related fields, and on the web via the Peabody Museum as part of a new exhibit on human evolution. The experiments will provide research opportunities and training for students, as well as for a post-doctoral position. The results will also be useful to the wider audience of people interested in running.
最近有人假设,人体解剖学的许多新奇方面反映了对耐力跑的适应。 但人类作为两足动物,在跑步过程中,特别是当脚跟撞击地面(脚跟着地)时,在抵消头部向前倾斜的趋势方面存在特殊问题。这里测试的假设是,人类进化出了一种新的机制,与四足动物的机制部分一致,用于抵消在中等耐力速度的有弹性的跑步步态中头部倾斜的倾向。因此,该项目将研究人类在行走和跑步过程中如何稳定头部,并将其中一些机制与四足哺乳动物进行比较。该项目的关键组成部分是生物力学和解剖模型,该模型结合了行走与跑步的摆动和质量弹簧力学之间的差异。 尽管人类的颈部垂直,头部运动范围受到限制,但人类头部和肩部之间的肌肉连接大多是分离的,除了一小部分斜方肌(斜方肌,CCT)之外。 人类也有颈韧带,这是一种类似肌腱的结构,在类人猿中不存在,但在其他哺乳动物中却存在。人类颈韧带与 CCT 连接并插入后脑勺。因此,当 CCT 收缩时,假设将手臂的质量与头部的质量联系起来。具体来说,当手臂和肩胛带在脚跟着地时下落时,手臂的惯性力可能会在头部倾向于向前倾斜时被动地伸展头部。从该模型得出的假设将在人类和绵羊在跑步机和测力板上以各种速度和不同的任务行走和跑步时进行实验测试,同时观察焦点。各种传感器将用于收集头部、肩部和手臂的位置、加速度和位移数据。 此外,肌电图(EMG)数据将从涉及头部伸展的主要肌肉中获得。就科学价值而言,这些实验的结果将有助于提高我们对人类在跑步过程中如何稳定头部的理解,这是一个研究很少的课题。 虽然人们对步行的功能形态进行了大量研究,但对跑步的了解却很少。 这些结果与构建和检验耐力跑在人类进化中发挥关键作用的假设尤其相关。 就更广泛的影响而言,这里计划的实验将发表在人类学和生物学期刊上,有助于整合这些相关领域的实验和进化研究,并通过皮博迪博物馆在网上发表,作为人类进化新展览的一部分。这些实验将为学生以及博士后职位提供研究机会和培训。研究结果也将对更多对跑步感兴趣的人有用。

项目成果

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Daniel Lieberman其他文献

CHARACTERIZATION OF CORTISOL KINETICS AT DIFFERENT RUNNING INTENSITIES
  • DOI:
    10.1016/s0735-1097(16)31636-9
  • 发表时间:
    2016-04-05
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Claire Lo;Marcel Brown;Miranda Contursi;Gregory Lewis;Daniel Lieberman;Aaron Baggish
  • 通讯作者:
    Aaron Baggish
The short-term treatment unit: A case report of public/private collaboration
Enhancing adherence to mood charting with an online version of the NIMH Life Chart
  • DOI:
    10.1186/1744-859x-9-s1-s11
  • 发表时间:
    2010-04-22
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    3.100
  • 作者:
    Daniel Lieberman
  • 通讯作者:
    Daniel Lieberman
Giant nabothian cysts mimicking genitourinary fistula
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.ajog.2024.03.038
  • 发表时间:
    2024-09-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Daniel Lieberman;Catherine Seaman;Anna Romanova;Emile Gleeson;Lisa Dabney
  • 通讯作者:
    Lisa Dabney
Assessment of greenhouse gas mitigation options and costs for California Petroleum Industry facilities: The shape of things to come
  • DOI:
    10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.568
  • 发表时间:
    2011-01-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Susann Nordrum;Daniel Lieberman;Mary Colombo;Alan Gorski;Charles Webb
  • 通讯作者:
    Charles Webb

Daniel Lieberman的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Daniel Lieberman', 18)}}的其他基金

Doctoral Dissertation Research: Evolutionary mismatch and variation in physical activity and function
博士论文研究:身体活动和功能的进化失配和变异
  • 批准号:
    2235529
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Effects of Forelimb Anatomy on Throwing Performance: a Biomechanical Analysis
博士论文改进补助金:前肢解剖结构对投掷性能的影响:生物力学分析
  • 批准号:
    0961943
  • 财政年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: The Effects of Food Processing on Mechanical Properties and Masticatory (Chewing) Performance
博士论文改进:食品加工对机械性能和咀嚼(咀嚼)性能的影响
  • 批准号:
    0925688
  • 财政年份:
    2009
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement: Morphological Integration in Primate Hands and Feet
博士论文改进:灵长类动物手脚的形态整合
  • 批准号:
    0647624
  • 财政年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Effect of Interactions between Estradiol and Mechanical Loading on Human Longitudinal and Periosteal Bone Growth
博士论文改进补助金:雌二醇和机械负荷之间的相互作用对人体纵向和骨膜骨生长的影响
  • 批准号:
    0434894
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: The Effect of Hindlimb Length on Running and Walking Performance
博士论文改进补助金:后肢长度对跑步和步行表现的影响
  • 批准号:
    0433795
  • 财政年份:
    2004
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Constraints on Primate Craniofacial Growth and Form
论文研究:灵长类颅面生长和形态的限制
  • 批准号:
    0107474
  • 财政年份:
    2001
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Dissertation: The Temporal Resolution of Oxygen and Carbon Stable Isotope Measurements in Tooth Enamel
论文:牙釉质中氧和碳稳定同位素测量的时间分辨率
  • 批准号:
    0003143
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Variations in Cortical Bone Responses to Exercise-Induced Loading
皮质骨对运动引起的负荷反应的变化
  • 批准号:
    9896378
  • 财政年份:
    1998
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Variations in Cortical Bone Responses to Exercise-Induced Loading
皮质骨对运动引起的负荷反应的变化
  • 批准号:
    9603833
  • 财政年份:
    1997
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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