DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Constraints on Primate Craniofacial Growth and Form

论文研究：灵长类颅面生长和形态的限制

• 批准号: 0107474
• 负责人: Daniel Lieberman
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: George Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-06-15 至 2002-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0107474&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Constraints; Primate; Craniofacial

The mammalian skull is an integrated complex of overlapping units that are involved in multiple functions such as breathing, vision, hearing, smelling and swallowing. Therefore most morphological features in the skull tend to be considerably inter-correlated, limiting variation. Non-independent cranial features, however, are problematic for reconstructing evolutionary relationships, because they subjectively bias efforts to group most-closely related species. This study uses CAT scans and radiographs of primate skulls to test several hypotheses about interrelationships between the brain, cranial base and face in primates, in order to assess specifically the utility of skull characters for reconstructing evolutionary relationships in primates and human ancestors. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate techniques, including scaling and matrix analyses, will be used to test patterns of constraint and integration among skull characters in 70 primate species and growth samples of 10 species of monkeys and apes. Preliminary results suggest that constraints which result from integration, while rare, considerably affect variations in primate skull form and should be taken into account when testing phylogenetic hypotheses about primate and human evolution.

哺乳动物的头骨是一个由重叠单元组成的综合复合体，涉及呼吸、视觉、听觉、嗅觉和吞咽等多种功能。因此，大多数形态学特征在颅骨往往是相当相互关联的，限制变异。然而，非独立的颅骨特征对于重建进化关系来说是有问题的，因为它们主观上影响了对最接近的物种进行分组的努力。本研究使用灵长类动物头骨的CAT扫描和x光片来测试几种关于灵长类动物大脑、颅底和面部之间相互关系的假设，以评估头骨特征在重建灵长类动物和人类祖先的进化关系方面的具体效用。单变量、双变量和多变量技术，包括缩放和矩阵分析，将用于测试70种灵长类动物和10种猴子和猿的生长样本的颅骨特征之间的约束和整合模式。初步结果表明，虽然很少，但由于整合而产生的限制很大程度上影响了灵长类动物头骨形状的变化，在测试灵长类动物和人类进化的系统发育假设时应考虑到这一点。