Georeferencing Mesoamerican Vascular Plant Specimens at the Missouri Botanical Garden

密苏里植物园的中美洲维管植物标本地理配准

• 批准号: 0446779
• 负责人: James Solomon
• 金额: $ 20.61万
• 依托单位: Missouri Botanical Garden
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-01 至 2010-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0446779&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Georeferencing; Mesoamerican; Vascular; Plant; Specimens

A grant has been awarded to the Missouri Botanical Garden under the direction of Dr. James Solomon for partial support of a project to georeference an estimated 571,255 databased vascular plant specimen records from Mesoamerica [specifically Mexico, Belize, Guatemala, Costa Rica and Panama], representing an estimated 52,000 unique collecting sites that are based on the specimens in the herbarium at the Missouri Botanical Garden (MO). These data will be made available on the Internet through the Garden's web site, w3TROPICOS (http://www.tropicos.org), and through the web sites of the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF), the Red Mundial de Informacion Sobre Biodiversidad (REMIB), Discover Life and Species 2000. In addition to providing access to the individual georeferenced specimen records over the web, this project will produce a web-based, searchable gazetteer, with mapping capabilities, of Mesoamerican botanical collecting sites, a query form for displaying itineraries for individual collectors, and a tool for the identification of major collecting sites, including the determination of collecting densities. The goals of taxonomic work are to recognize, name, and characterize the world's organisms; provide tools to identify them; delineate where they occur; and analyze their relationships. Documenting as precisely as possible where species occur is the immediate useful product of this project. It will be possible to generate detailed, vouchered, distributional maps from the georeferenced specimen data for any species included in the database. Because the data is vouchered, the information may be verified since the exact source for each point on a map can be identified and confirmed. A detailed knowledge of the distribution of plant species is fundamental to biological research, biodiversity conservation, scientific land-use management and the impact that biodiversity issues have on society, both within and outside the US. Databasing and assigning geographical coordinates to these specimen records are essential steps in enhancing the usefulness of these collections. Without geographical coordinates, much of the value of the specimen record remains unusable for GIS applications.Georeferenced specimen data are useful not only for taxonomic research but also for other scientific disciplines and practical endeavors such as conservation, biological resource management, and sustainable species utilization. The information produced by this project can be used to answer a wide variety of urgent questions related to the monitoring of native, threatened, and endangered species and documenting the introduction and spread of alien weeds that have significant real or potential impacts on our nation's agricultural system. Using predictive modeling on these kinds of organisms is becoming increasingly critical as man continues to move germplasm around the world and formulates policies to conserve, manage and regulate the world's biological diversity. At the same time these same data are of particular importance for biodiversity managers in the Mesoamerican countries where the specimens and their data originated.

在詹姆斯所罗门博士的指导下，密苏里州植物园获得了一笔赠款，用于部分支持一个项目，对中美洲[特别是墨西哥、伯利兹、危地马拉、哥斯达黎加和巴拿马]的大约571,255个数据库维管植物标本记录进行地理参考，000个独特的收集地点，是基于标本馆在密苏里州植物园（MO）的标本。 这些数据将通过花园的网址w3 TROPICOS（http：//www.example.com）和全球生物多样性信息设施、世界生物多样性信息网、2000年发现生命和物种的网址在因特网上提供。www.tropicos.org 除了通过网络提供查阅有地理参照的个体标本记录的途径外，该项目还将制作一个基于网络的、可搜索的中美洲植物采集地点地名录，具有制图能力，还将制作一个查询表格，显示个人采集者的行程，并制作一个工具，用于确定主要采集地点，包括确定采集密度。分类学工作的目标是识别、命名和描述世界上的生物体;提供识别它们的工具;描绘它们发生的地方;分析它们之间的关系。尽可能精确地记录物种出现的地方是这个项目的直接有用的产品。将有可能根据数据库中任何物种的地理参照标本数据生成详细的、有凭证的分布图。因为数据是有凭证的，所以可以验证信息，因为可以识别和确认地图上每个点的确切来源。 详细了解植物物种的分布对于生物研究，生物多样性保护，科学的土地利用管理以及生物多样性问题对美国内外社会的影响至关重要。为这些标本记录建立数据库和指定地理坐标是加强这些收藏品的用途的重要步骤。没有地理坐标，标本记录的大部分价值仍然无法用于GIS应用。地理参考标本数据不仅对分类学研究有用，而且对其他科学学科和实际工作也很有用，如保护，生物资源管理和可持续物种利用。该项目产生的信息可用于回答各种各样的紧迫问题，这些问题涉及监测本地、受威胁和濒危物种，并记录对我国农业系统有重大真实的或潜在影响的外来杂草的引进和传播。随着人类继续在世界各地转移种质资源，并制定保护、管理和规范世界生物多样性的政策，对这些种类的生物体使用预测建模变得越来越重要。与此同时，这些数据对于标本及其数据的原产地中美洲国家的生物多样性管理人员特别重要。