CAREER: Performance and Fitness Consequences of Insect Ornaments

职业:昆虫装饰品的性能和健康影响

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0448060
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    --
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2005-05-01 至 2011-04-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

CAREER: PERFORMANCE AND FITNESS CONSEQUENCES OF INSECT ORNAMENTSJOHN G. SWALLOWUNIVERSITY OF SOUTH DAKOTASexual selection is responsible for much of the morphological diversity among animals and is often expressed in the form of male ornamental displays. Sexual selection theory indicates that these display traits do not come without costs, such that the displays and their costs are countered by natural selection. Stalk-eyed flies provide the ideal model system to test for costs and tradeoffs related to male ornamentation. All species in this extraordinary family display exaggerated head morphology, with eyes and antennae displaced at the end of long stalks, and interspecific variation in eye span can be more than ten-fold. Furthermore, all available evidence indicates that eye stalks are critical sexual signals used in both male-male competition and female choice. This study will examine the effects of elongated eye stalks on flight performance and survivorship of stalk-eyed flies to assess whether these effects run counter to the effects of sexual selection. To achieve this goal, the PI will integrate information from three distinct avenues of research. First, to establish a link between morphology and performance, variation in eye span and locomotor performance will be measured in a single species, Cyrtodiopsis dalmanni, to test for trade-offs between secondary sexual traits and adaptations for flight. For this study, lines of C. dalmanni that have been bidirectionally selected for increased and decreased eye span will be used to increase the natural variation seen in this species. Direct measurements of acceleration, speed and maneuverability during flight will be made using computer-integrated high speed video cameras. Additionally, load lifting capacity and energy used during flight will be measured. Second, the fitness consequences of impaired flight performance will be directly measured in a series of predation avoidance experiments in greenhouse enclosures. Third, patterns of correlated evolution between morphology and flight performance measured on many species within the family Diopsidae will reveal evolutionary consequences of sexual selection. If eye stalks impair locomotor ability, compensatory changes in body design are predicted to evolve within the family to reduce the locomotor cost. Such compensatory changes would indirectly suggest that such reduction in performance was selectively important. This research program incorporates multiple disciplines and will certainly result in new insights regarding interactions between the costs of locomotion and the evolution of secondary sexual ornaments. The PI's educational activities will focus primarily on disadvantaged pre-college students from Native American reservation schools and rural schools. Both of these groups, particularly Native Americans, are traditionally underrepresented in both college and the sciences. South Dakota has both a large Native American population (~ 10%) and a large rural population. Through cooperation with the instructors affiliated with the Mobile Science Laboratory (MSL), the PI will develop a contribution on "Sexual selection and insect diversity: secondary sexual ornaments" for the MSL. Outreach projects developed for the MSL will expose K-12 students from Native American reservation and rural schools to the process of science and discovery. This outreach program has the potential to positively influence thousands of people throughout the state of South Dakota.
职业生涯:昆虫的表现和适合性的影响南达科他州的性别选择是动物形态多样性的主要原因,通常以雄性观赏的形式表现出来。性选择理论表明,这些展示特征并不是没有代价的,这样展示及其成本就会被自然选择所抵消。柄眼苍蝇提供了理想的模型系统来测试与男性装饰相关的成本和权衡。这个特殊家族的所有物种都表现出夸张的头部形态,眼睛和触角在长柄的末端移位,种间眼距的差异可以达到十倍以上。此外,所有现有的证据都表明,眼柄是两性竞争和雌性选择中使用的关键的性信号。这项研究将研究细长的眼柄对杆眼苍蝇飞行性能和生存的影响,以评估这些影响是否与性别选择的影响背道而驰。为了实现这一目标,PI将整合来自三个不同研究途径的信息。首先,为了建立形态和表现之间的联系,我们将测量单个物种--达尔曼尼草(Cyrtodiopsis Dalmanni)的眼距和运动能力的变化,以测试第二性特征和飞行适应之间的权衡。在这项研究中,已经被双向选择以增加和减少眼距的达尔曼尼品系将被用来增加在该物种中看到的自然变异。飞行过程中的加速度、速度和机动性将使用集成计算机的高速摄像机进行直接测量。此外,还将测量载荷提升能力和飞行过程中使用的能量。其次,飞行性能受损的健康后果将在温室围栏中的一系列捕食避免实验中直接测量。第三,在斑腿蜂科内的许多物种上测量的形态和飞行性能之间的相关进化模式将揭示性别选择的进化后果。如果眼柄损害了运动能力,预计身体设计上的补偿性变化将在家族内部演变,以降低运动成本。这种补偿性变化将间接表明,这种业绩下降是有选择地重要的。这项研究计划融合了多个学科,肯定会对运动成本和第二性装饰进化之间的相互作用产生新的见解。PI的教育活动将主要集中在来自美洲原住民保留学校和农村学校的弱势大学预科学生。这两个群体,尤其是美洲原住民,传统上在大学和科学界的代表性都很低。南达科他州既有大量的美洲原住民人口(约10%),也有大量的农村人口。通过与流动科学实验室(MSL)附属讲师的合作,PI将为MSL开发一份关于“性选择和昆虫多样性:第二性装饰”的贡献。为MSL开发的外展项目将使来自美洲原住民保留地和农村学校的K-12学生接触到科学和发现的过程。这一外展计划有可能对整个南达科他州的数千人产生积极影响。

项目成果

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John Swallow其他文献

Hilbert 90 for Galois Cohomology
伽罗瓦上同调的 Hilbert 90
  • DOI:
    10.1080/00927870802570743
  • 发表时间:
    2006
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    N. Lemire;J. Mináč;Andrew Schultz;John Swallow
  • 通讯作者:
    John Swallow
Galois module structure of square power classes for biquadratic extensions
双二次扩展的平方幂类伽罗瓦模结构
Quaternion algebras and square power classes over biquadratic extensions
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s11856-023-2541-5
  • 发表时间:
    2023-12-22
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0.800
  • 作者:
    Frank Chemotti;Ján Mináč;Tung T. Nguyen;Andrew Schultz;John Swallow;Nguyễn Duy Tân
  • 通讯作者:
    Nguyễn Duy Tân
Galois modules appearing as pth-power classes of units of extensions of degree p
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s00209-005-0785-x
  • 发表时间:
    2005-05-14
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    1.000
  • 作者:
    Ján Mináč;John Swallow
  • 通讯作者:
    John Swallow
Galois module structure of Galois cohomology for embeddable cyclic extensions of degree pn
pn 次可嵌入循环扩展的伽罗瓦上同调的伽罗瓦模块结构
  • DOI:
    10.1112/jlms/jdp083
  • 发表时间:
    2009
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    N. Lemire;J. Mináč;Andrew Schultz;John Swallow
  • 通讯作者:
    John Swallow

John Swallow的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('John Swallow', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Research: The role of compensation in the evolution of ornaments
合作研究:补偿在装饰品进化中的作用
  • 批准号:
    1656465
  • 财政年份:
    2018
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Neural Mechanisms Underlying an Aggressive Syndrome in Stalk-eyed Flies
茎眼果蝇攻击性综合症背后的神经机制
  • 批准号:
    1256898
  • 财政年份:
    2013
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
RUI: Galois Module Structure of Galois Cohomology
RUI:伽罗瓦上同调的伽罗瓦模结构
  • 批准号:
    0600122
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
SICB Symposium Support: Selection Experiments as a Tool in Evolutionary and Comparative Physiology, January 5-9, 2004
SICB 研讨会支持:选择实验作为进化和比较生理学的工具,2004 年 1 月 5-9 日
  • 批准号:
    0331571
  • 财政年份:
    2003
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
International Research Fellow Awards: Descent of Quaternion Algebras and Applications to Galois Theory
国际研究员奖:四元数代数的下降及其在伽罗瓦理论中的应用
  • 批准号:
    9810299
  • 财政年份:
    1998
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Fellowship Award
Research in Galois Theory and Integrating Technology in Undergraduate Mathematics
本科数学中的伽罗瓦理论与集成技术研究
  • 批准号:
    9501366
  • 财政年份:
    1995
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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