Preserving Video Objects and Context: A Demonstration Project

数字保存是21世纪初面临的重大挑战之一。世界各地的国家图书馆和档案馆都在努力保护数字资产。世界各地的资助机构都认识到保护的必要性，正在资助一系列广泛的研究和开发项目。随着数字图书馆和数字化计划在过去十年中的发展，越来越多的研究人员、信息专业人员和政策制定者开始关注创建、维护以及最近保存数字对象的问题。尽管迄今为止大多数保存研究都集中在文本和静止图像上，但视频正在成为科学和教育的一种更常见的表达媒介，并提供了独特的保存挑战。本项目以早期数字视频文件及其替代物（http://www.open-video.org）的工作为基础，寻求保留视频作品的背景并突出其本质的方法，从而使其更容易被后代理解和理解。长期提供上下文化访问，使数字对象随着时间的推移可以理解，这对长期保存至关重要。该项目将侧重于为数字视频环境开发一个保存框架，档案工作者可以利用该框架做出保存决策，并指导查找辅助工具的开发。这项工作将包括通过将其应用于两个重要的数字视频集合来演示该框架：NASA广播教育视频的完整系列和ACM SIGCHI的全套视频，这些视频从1983年至今在年度会议上展出。使用测试集的框架和可演示的示例将提供给未来几年的视频存档决策。更广泛的影响这项工作将对各种利益相关者产生几个重要的结果。首先，它将在理论和实践方面解决数字保存的重要背景方面。这将改善档案决策和寻找援助的创建，并提出进一步利用技术使其更有效率和更有效的方法。其次，这项工作将定义数字视频的保存参数，这是一种日益重要的媒体，迄今为止很少受到关注。第三，通过将注意力集中在两个重要且实质性的视频内容集合上，这项工作将有很高的回报。这些集合已经被数以百万计的学生和教师（美国国家航空航天局）以模拟或广播形式使用，并被成千上万的人机交互学生和教师以模拟或数字形式使用。特别是NASA的视频是为了鼓励妇女和少数民族参与科学，更广泛和更有效的可用性将加强这一任务。第四，这个项目将汇集不同的实践社区，从多学科的学者到出版商，再到教育技术专家。这种跨学科合作提供的协同作用不仅会产生更强大的保存框架，而且还会更好地理解这些不同社区的数字保存问题。最后，该项目将产生重大影响，因为它是根据一种新的和创新的资助模式的要求进行调整的。

Intellectual MeritDigital preservation stands as one of the grand challenges of the early 21st Century. National libraries and archives from around the world are grappling with the preservation of digital assets. Funding agencies worldwide recognize the preservation imperative and are funding a wide array of research and development projects. As digital libraries and digitization initiatives have grown over the past decade, an increasing number of researchers, information professionals, and policy makers have addressed the issues around creating, maintaining, and, most recently, preserving digital objects. Although most of the preservation research to date has centered on text and still images, video is becoming a more common medium of expression for science and education and offers unique preservation challenges. This project builds on earlier work with digital video files and their surrogates (http://www.open-video.org), seeking ways in which to preserve a video work's context and highlighting its essence, thus making it more understandable and accessible to future generations. Long-term provision of contextualized access that makes digital objects understandable over time is essential to longterm preservation. This project will focus on developing a preservation framework for digital video context that can be used by archivists to make preservation decisions and guide the development of finding aids.The work will include a demonstration of this framework by applying it to two important digital video collections: the complete series of NASA broadcast educational videos and the complete set of juried ACM SIGCHI videos presented at annual conferences from 1983 to the present. The framework and demonstrable examples using the test collections will be made available to inform video archival decisions in the immediate years ahead. Broader ImpactsThis work will have several important outcomes for a variety of stakeholders. First, it will address the important context aspect of digital preservation on both theoretical and practical fronts. This should improve archival decision making and finding aid creation and suggest ways to leverage technology further to make them more efficient and effective. Second, this work will define preservation parameters for digital video, an increasingly important medium that has to date received little attention. Third, this work will have high payoff by focusing attention on two important and substantial collections of video content. These collections are already used in analog or broadcast forms by millions of students and teachers (NASA) and in analog or digital local forms by thousands of human-computer interaction students and faculty. The NASA videos in particular were created to encourage women and minority participation in science and broader and more effective availability will enhance this mission.. Fourth, this project will bring together diverse communities of practice ranging from academics in multiple disciplines to publishers to educational technologists. The synergies such crossdisciplinary collaborations offer will not only result in a more robust framework for preservation but will also produce better understanding of digital preservation issues across these different communities. Finally, this project will have substantial impact because it is tuned to the requirements of a new and innovative funding model.