Inspection Strategies in Airport Security Systems

这项拨款为构思和发展机场保安系统设计的科学平台提供资金。在第一部分中，我们考虑以纯粹随机的方式（不知道他们的个人属性）将乘客分组。我们首先考虑一个静态模型，其中乘客到达的时间方面被忽略。然后，我们采用这个基本模型，并通过纳入到达乘客的时间效应来增强它。分析了两个案例。我们研究了一个排队模型，该模型将每个检查站视为一个独立的稳定运行的M/M/c队列，并使用时间均匀的泊松流模型来模拟乘客到达。我们还研究了一个模拟模型，该模型捕获了系统的非稳态行为，并允许对乘客到达过程进行一般表示。我们的工作的第二部分将调查：(i)通过使用乘客属性来分配分组，可能提高安全系统的效率；以及（ii）分析几个检疫站可以协同工作以检测威胁项目的情况。如果成功，这项研究的结果将对几个联邦机构有用，包括美国运输安全管理局、美国联邦航空局和联邦政府的国土安全部。拟议的工作将使人们更好地了解如何改变安全程序以响应总体威胁概率的变化。最后，它将提供一个定量框架来理解(i)由于在乘客分配中使用个人属性可能产生的潜在效率改进，以及（ii）考虑设备对潜在威胁项目的联合响应。

This grant provides funding for the conceptualization and development of a scientific platform for the design of airport security systems. In the first part, we consider the selection of passengers into groups in a purely random manner (without knowledge of their individual attributes). We first consider a static model in which the temporal aspect of passenger arrivals is ignored. We then take this basic model and enhance it by incorporating the temporal effects of arriving passengers. Two cases are analyzed. We investigate a queuing model, which considers each check station as an independent M/M/c queue operating in steady state and models passenger arrivals using a time-homogeneous Poisson stream. We also investigate a simulation model that captures the non-steady state behavior of the system and allows for a general representation of the passenger arrival process. The second part of our work will investigate: (i) the potential improvement in the efficiency of the security system by using passenger attributes in assigning groups; and (ii) the analysis of the case where several check stations can work in unison to detect a threat item. If successful, the results of this research will be useful to several federal agencies, including the TSA, FAA and the Department of Homeland Security division of the federal government. The proposed work will lead to a better understanding as to how security procedures should be changed in response to changes in the overall threat probability. Finally, it would provide a quantitative framework to understand (i) the potential efficiency improvements that are likely to arise due to the use of individual attributes in passenger assignments to groups, and (ii) consideration of joint response of equipment to the presence of a potential threat item.