Functional Genomics of Woody Perennial Flowering

木本多年生开花的功能基因组学

• 批准号: 0501890
• 负责人: Dawn Luthe
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Mississippi State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2009-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0501890&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Functional; Genomics; Woody; Perennial; Flowering

The induction, initiation and completion of flower formation are critical events in the angiosperm life cycle. Without flowering there would be no seed formation for the propagation of subsequent generations. In food plants, timely and adequate seed yields are essential for human and animal nutrition. The process of flowering, which is so vital to humankind, has been extensively studied in herbaceous annual plants that germinate, grow, flower, produce seed and die within one year. Many of the genes that regulate the flowering process have been identified and studied in the small annual plant, Arabidopsis, which serves as a model for crops. However, little is known about the mechanisms regulating flowering in woody perennial plants such as trees. This project will study the flowering process in trees in the genus Populus, which contains cottonwoods, aspens and poplars. Unlike annual plants, trees undergo cycles of vegetative and floral growth each year that are affected by dramatic seasonal changes in temperature and light. The goals is to discover the important differences and similarities among the factors that regulate flowering in annual and perennial plants. A research project has been developed to determine if the molecular basis of floral bud induction/initiation in response to environmental and physiological factors differs between Arabidopsis and Populus. Project activities will include physiological and genetic manipulations of plants, evolutionary comparisons of gene sequences and examination of the expression patterns to accomplish these objectives. Populus has become the experimental model for tree research because the entire genome has been sequenced and the plant can be genetically transformed. Populus species are economically and ecologically important and the outcomes of this project will have many practical applications. These include manipulation of seed/fruit production, acceleration of breeding programs, increased production of woody biomass, and biological confinement of transgenes, among others. Outreach components of the project range from biotechnology workshops for teachers to recruitment of high school and college minority students for individual research projects in participating laboratories.Project outcomes will be available through the Populus Floral Genome Web Site (accessible through http://www.floralgenome.org/) and the Populus Genome Portal (http://bahama.jgi-psf.org/prod/bin/populus/home.populus.cgi).

花形成的诱导、起始和完成是被子植物生活史中的关键事件。没有开花，就没有种子形成，无法繁殖后代。在粮食作物中，及时和充足的种子产量对人类和动物的营养至关重要。 开花的过程，这是如此重要的人类，已被广泛研究的草本一年生植物发芽，生长，开花，产生种子和死亡在一年内。 许多调控开花过程的基因已经在小型一年生植物拟南芥中被鉴定和研究，拟南芥是作物的模型。 然而，很少有人知道的机制，调节开花的多年生木本植物，如树木。 本项目将研究杨属树木的开花过程，其中包括三角叶杨、白杨和白杨。 与一年生植物不同，树木每年都会经历营养和花卉生长的周期，这些周期受到温度和光照的季节性变化的影响。 目的是发现一年生和多年生植物开花调控因子之间的重要差异和相似之处。一个研究项目已经开发，以确定是否响应于环境和生理因素的花芽诱导/启动的分子基础拟南芥和杨树之间的差异。 项目活动将包括植物的生理和遗传操作、基因序列的进化比较和表达模式的检查，以实现这些目标。 杨树已经成为树木研究的实验模型，因为整个基因组已经测序，植物可以进行遗传转化。杨属树种具有重要的经济和生态价值，本项目的成果将有许多实际应用。 这些措施包括操纵种子/果实生产，加速育种计划，增加木本生物量的生产，以及转基因的生物限制等。 该项目的推广部分包括为教师举办生物技术讲习班，以及征聘高中和大学少数民族学生参加参与实验室的个别研究项目，项目成果将通过杨树花卉基因组网址（可通过http：//www.floralgenome.org/查阅）和杨树基因组门户网站（http：//bahama.jgi-psf.org/prod/bin/populus/home.populus.cgi）查阅。