International Research Fellowship Program: Ontogenetic and Evolutionary Shape Variation and Modularity in the Mammalian Skull

国际研究奖学金计划：哺乳动物头骨的个体发生和进化形状变异和模块化

• 批准号: 0502186
• 负责人: Anjali Goswami
• 金额: $ 16.83万
• 依托单位: Goswami Anjali
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Fellowship Award
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0502186&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: International; Research; Fellowship; Program; Ontogenetic

0502186GoswamiThe International Research Fellowship Program enables U.S. scientists and engineers to conduct three to twenty-four months of research abroad. The program's awards provide opportunities for joint research, and the use of unique or complementary facilities, expertise and experimental conditions abroad.This award will support a twenty-two-month research fellowship by Dr. Anjali Goswami to work with Dr. Marcelo Sanchez-Villagra at the Natural Museum of Paleontology in London, UK.Development is often presented as a major influence on morphological variation, which provides the raw material for evolution. Explicit tests of this hypothesis require quantification of developmental shape to measure its influence on adult variation, but, thus far, quantification of developing morphology has been hindered by difficulties in obtaining measurements from sectioned histological specimens. This study adapts new imaging and digitizing software to construct 3-D models from sectioned material. With these models, Dr. Goswami conducts morphometric analysis of ontogenetic shape in the mammalian skull to test fundamental hypotheses on the influence of development on adult morphology. Previous work by Dr. Goswami has shown that the adult mammalian skull is divided into several independent components, or modules, that can vary independently of each other. Those studies suggested that the observed modules in the adult skull are created and influenced by interactions among developing bones. Measuring the changes in shape and variation during skull development allows for direct testing of the influence of development on adult skull shape. This ontogenetic data is then incorporated into computer simulations to model evolutionary change to determine how developmental differences in skull modules may create the observed differences across mammalian species.This study provides the first comparative morphometric dataset spanning the development of a complex system, the mammalian skull. The new methodologies and analyses developed in this study greatly expand the current scope of embryological and morphometric research. This unique dataset will also be useful for many other studies, spanning developmental genetics, suture formation, evolutionary rates, and phylogenetics, as well as providing extensive comparative data for medical research of developmental disorders.

0502186Goswamithe国际研究奖学金计划使美国科学家和工程师能够在国外进行三到二十四个月的研究。 该计划的奖项为联合研究提供了机会，并使用独特或补充的设施，专业知识和实验条件。该奖项将支持Anjali Goswami博士与Anjali Goswami博士与Marcelo Sanchez-Villagra博士合作的二十二个月研究奖学金。 进化。 对该假设进行的明确检验需要量化发育形状以衡量其对成人变异的影响，但是到目前为止，在从切片的组织学标本中获得测量的困难阻碍了对发展形态的量化。 这项研究适应了新的成像和数字化软件，以从截面材料中构建3-D模型。 通过这些模型，Goswami博士对哺乳动物头骨中的个体发生形状进行形态计量分析，以检验基本假设对发展对成人形态的影响的基本假设。 Goswami博士先前的工作表明，成年哺乳动物的头骨分为几个独立的组件或模块，它们彼此不同。 这些研究表明，成人头骨中观察到的模块受到发育中骨骼之间相互作用的影响和影响。 测量颅骨发育过程中形状和变化的变化，可以直接测试发育对成人头骨形状的影响。 然后将此个体发育数据纳入计算机模拟中，以模拟进化变化，以确定颅骨模块中的发育差异如何在哺乳动物物种之间产生观察到的差异。这项研究提供了跨越复杂系统开发的第一个比较形态学数据集，该数据集跨越了哺乳动物颅骨。 这项研究中开发的新方法和分析大大扩大了当前的胚胎学和形态计量研究范围。 这个独特的数据集也将对许多其他研究，涵盖发育遗传学，缝合力形成，进化率和系统发育学，以及为发育障碍的医学研究提供广泛的比较数据。