Doctoral Dissertation Research: Exploring the Impact of Institutional Placement on the Recidivism of Delinquent Youth

博士论文研究：探索机构安置对青少年犯罪累犯的影响

• 批准号: 0502773
• 负责人: David Greenberg
• 金额: $ 0.39万
• 依托单位: New York University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-05-01 至 2006-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0502773&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Exploring; Impact

"Exploring the Impact of Institutional Placement on the Recidivism of Delinquent Youth"Project AbstractObjectives: This dissertation examines the relationship between institutional placement (incarceration) and recidivism among a sample of New York City juvenile delinquents. The principal research question is: Does placement, in general, increase or decrease juvenile recidivism? In addition to assessing the aggregate impact of placement on recidivism, this research seeks to discern factors that may condition this relationship, thus differentiating profiles of youth who are most affected by placement, and those who are not. Using theoretical frameworks adopted from criminological literature, I have generated testable hypotheses about characteristics of youth that may affect the relationship between placement and recidivism. Specifically, this research hypothesizes that the overall effect of placement will vary by degree of conventional social bonding and neighborhood of residence. Thus, this project will contribute to scholarship on juvenile offending, court processing, sentencing practices, and criminological theory.Research Methods: Research subjects are 736 juvenile delinquents who received a disposition in New York City family courts between April and June of 2000. Study subjects were selected by examining family court calendars and identifying all youth who received a disposition during this period. Detailed information about subjects' legal and social histories has been coded from New York City Department of Probation case files, producing a rich baseline dataset. In order to conduct analyses, baseline data are linked to data indicating recidivism. Recidivism is measured by looking at records of re-arrests, re-arrests for violent offenses, re-arrests for felonies, and re-arrests for violent felonies. The follow-up period for predicting recidivism will be eighteen months, not including time spent incarcerated. To examine the relationship between placement and recidivism logistic regression and survival analysis will be used to analyze the data. In statistical models, relevant predictors of criminal behavior will be controlled in order to assess the effect of placement on re-offending patterns. To test hypotheses about factors that may condition this relationship, variables that indicate theoretically relevant social, legal and community characteristics will be included in the statistical models. Broader Impacts: In addition to potential scholarly contributions, this research can inform the development of juvenile justice policies and practices. It can help judges and other justice officials make sound, empirically-led decisions about juvenile delinquents - particularly in New York City. It can inform the validation and use of risk assessment instruments for making detention and disposition decisions for court-involved youth. The research might also aid the development of alternative-to-placement programs which address the particular needs of youth with diverse personal histories. Finally, this research can help policymakers understand the circumstances that draw youth into the juvenile justice system, and produce policies that lead to the best outcomes for youth after they get out.

“探索机构安置对青少年犯罪累犯的影响”项目摘要目的：本论文研究了纽约市青少年犯罪样本中机构安置（监禁）与累犯之间的关系。主要研究问题是：一般来说，安置会增加还是减少青少年累犯？除了评估安置对累犯的总体影响外，这项研究还试图找出可能影响这种关系的因素，从而区分受安置影响最大的青少年和不受安置影响的青少年。利用犯罪学文献中采用的理论框架，我对可能影响安置与累犯之间关系的青少年特征提出了可检验的假设。具体来说，本研究假设安置的总体效果将根据传统社会联系和居住社区的程度而有所不同。因此，该项目将有助于青少年犯罪、法庭处理、量刑实践和犯罪学理论方面的学术研究。 研究方法：研究对象是 2000 年 4 月至 6 月期间在纽约市家庭法庭接受处分的 736 名青少年罪犯。研究对象是通过检查家庭法庭日历并确定在此期间接受处分的所有青少年来选择的。有关受试者法律和社会历史的详细信息已从纽约市缓刑部案件档案中编码，产生了丰富的基线数据集。为了进行分析，基线数据与表明累犯的数据相关联。累犯是通过查看重新逮捕、暴力犯罪重新逮捕、重罪重新逮捕和暴力重罪重新逮捕的记录来衡量的。预测累犯的随访期为十八个月，不包括监禁时间。为了检查安置与累犯之间的关系，将使用逻辑回归和生存分析来分析数据。在统计模型中，将控制犯罪行为的相关预测因素，以评估安置对再犯罪模式的影响。为了检验有关影响这种关系的因素的假设，统计模型中将包含表明理论上相关的社会、法律和社区特征的变量。更广泛的影响：除了潜在的学术贡献外，这项研究还可以为青少年司法政策和实践的发展提供信息。它可以帮助法官和其他司法官员对青少年犯罪做出合理的、以经验为主导的决定——特别是在纽约市。它可以为风险评估工具的验证和使用提供信息，以对涉及法院的青少年做出拘留和处置决定。该研究还可能有助于开发替代安置计划，以满足具有不同个人历史的年轻人的特殊需求。最后，这项研究可以帮助政策制定者了解吸引青少年进入少年司法系统的环境，并制定政策，为青少年出狱后带来最佳结果。