The Quiet Project: Phase I

安静的项目：第一阶段

• 批准号: 0506648
• 负责人: Stephan Meyer
• 金额: $ 371.4万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0506648&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Quiet; Project; Phase

AST 0506648WinsteinThis award will be used to implement Phase I of QUIET, a project to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) with levels of precision approaching the limit of what is possible from the ground. The polarization is measured with coherent detectors at two frequencies over angular scales from a few arc-minutes to a few degrees. The QUIET Collaboration comprises scientists from CalTech; the University of Chicago; Columbia University; Jet Propulsion Laboratory; the University of Miami; Princeton University, and Stanford University. A group from Oxford University, UK is also participating but is separately funded; and individuals from Goddard Space Flight Center; and Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics are playing advisory roles. The goal for Phase I is to field two sets of detectors on telescopes situated in the Atacama desert in Chile, and carry out two seasons of science operations. These data will: a) provide the demonstration that the new radiometer technology works; b) give two modes of linear polarization, particularly the B-mode, of CMB power spectra measurements that are at the state of the art; and c) provide the deepest maps of the CMB available at the two frequencies of the measurements. QUIET will make valuable measurements not only of the CMB itself, but also of the foreground signals, mostly from our Galaxy, in order to disentangle confusion due to one of the biggest obstacles to a clean measurement of CMB polarization. Results from QUIET will complement the continuing WMAP satellite observations, and the soon-to-be-launched European-US Planck mission, by consideration of different angular scales on the sky and different polarization modes , and by use of different frequencies, different receiver technologies, and different telescope structures.The technological breakthrough that makes these measurements possible comes from a detector laboratory at JPL. Through the application of low-cost, mass production techniques to cryogenic millimeter-wave circuits, very large arrays can now be made inexpensively, with state-of-the-art performance. An important and unique feature of these polarimeters is the systematic control arising from their ability to measure both of the polarization Stokes parameters simultaneously. The research carried out with this project leads to benefits beyond scientific discoveries. Collaboration members will continue strong programs of hands-on research for students. University students will go to JPL for invaluable technical training and hundreds more will be informed of the science during regularly scheduled class time. The work will contribute to increased public understanding of this most fascinating area of the physical sciences. Over the life of the project, some 100 more undergraduates will have contributed to the science and over forty public lectures will be delivered by QUIET scientists who will also help create radio and TV shows about science. The basic packaging technology developed for the compact cryogenic QUIET arrays finds application in a number of fields beyond the CMB, including arrays for use in atmospheric remote sensing, thermal mapping of extrasolar planets, and telecommunications.

AST 0506648Winstein 该奖项将用于实施 QUIET 第一阶段，该项目旨在测量宇宙微波背景 (CMB) 的偏振，其精度水平接近地面所能达到的极限。偏振是用相干探测器在两个频率下在几弧分到几度的角度范围内测量的。 QUIET Collaboration 由加州理工学院的科学家组成；芝加哥大学；哥伦比亚大学； 喷气推进实验室；迈阿密大学； 普林斯顿大学、斯坦福大学。 来自英国牛津大学的一个小组也参与其中，但由单独资助； 以及戈达德太空飞行中心的个人；和哈佛-史密森天体物理中心正在发挥咨询作用。第一阶段的目标是在位于智利阿塔卡马沙漠的望远镜上部署两组探测器，并进行两个季节的科学操作。 这些数据将： a) 证明新辐射计技术的工作原理； b) 给出现有技术水平的 CMB 功率谱测量的两种线性偏振模式，特别是 B 模式； c) 提供在两个测量频率下可用的 CMB 最深图。 QUIET 不仅会对 CMB 本身进行有价值的测量，还会对前景信号（主要来自我们的银河系）进行有价值的测量，以消除由于清洁测量 CMB 偏振的最大障碍之一而造成的混乱。 通过考虑天空的不同角度尺度和不同的偏振模式，并使用不同的频率、不同的接收器技术和不同的望远镜结构，QUIET 的结果将补充正在进行的 WMAP 卫星观测以及即将启动的欧美普朗克任务。使这些测量成为可能的技术突破来自喷气推进实验室的探测器实验室。 通过将低成本、大规模生产技术应用于低温毫米波电路，现在可以廉价地制造非常大的阵列，并具有最先进的性能。 这些旋光计的一个重要且独特的功能是系统控制，因为它们能够同时测量两个偏振斯托克斯参数。通过该项目进行的研究带来的好处超出了科学发现。 合作成员将继续为学生提供强有力的实践研究项目。 大学生将前往喷气推进实验室接受宝贵的技术培训，数百名学生将在定期安排的课堂时间了解科学知识。 这项工作将有助于增进公众对物理科学这一最迷人领域的理解。 在该项目的整个生命周期中，大约 100 名本科生将为科学做出贡献，安静的科学家将举办四十多场公开讲座，他们还将帮助制作有关科学的广播和电视节目。为紧凑型低温QUIET阵列开发的基本封装技术可应用于宇宙微波背景以外的许多领域，包括用于大气遥感、太阳系外行星热测绘和电信的阵列。