The Physics Frontier Center of the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics

卡夫利宇宙物理研究所的物理前沿中心(PFC-KICP)聚集了一支由物理学家和天文学家组成的团队，他们是理论家和实验学家，在一个独特的跨学科环境中，解决了当今科学界最引人注目的三个问题：(1)主导并塑造了宇宙演化的暗能量和暗物质的性质是什么？(2)在宇宙的最初时刻是否存在暴涨时期，如果是的话，导致它的根本物理是什么？(3)自然提供了什么线索？S，最高能量粒子提供了力和粒子统一的线索？这些问题的答案有可能从根本上改变我们对宇宙起源和演化以及支配宇宙的定律的看法。这三个问题是物理前沿中心成立头四年的重点，并一直是其计划的核心。过去四年的发现和理论进步，其中许多是由PFC-KICP产生的，使这些问题变得尖锐起来，并为解决这些问题指出了新的途径。该中心将促进几项旨在抓住这些机会的新的研究举措，同时继续开展中心第一届任期内开始的、现已取得成果的若干努力。新的计划将在探测宇宙微波背景(CMB)偏振中的膨胀重力波方面取得进展，通过大型光学调查来探索暗能量的性质，开发一种有前途的新方法来探测暗物质，并为分析大型实验和理论数据集提供新的汇集资源。在PFC-KICP，针对宇宙物理基本问题的综合、交叉的研究、教育和推广计划旨在通过其影响更广泛的各种活动来激发从K到99的公众的想象力：(1)培训和教育科学家团队合作，在他们的研究中跨越边界，并整合研究和教育，特别是通过研究员计划。(2)传播其影响跨越天文学和物理学学科的重要科学成果。(3)利用这一令人兴奋的科学领域，通过空间探索者、WAP、UPRIDE和RET等计划，扩大未被充分代表的群体在科学和工程领域的参与。(4)建立广泛共享的基础设施；例如，Sunyaev-Zel？Dovich阵列(SZA)将成为CARMA设施的一部分，暗能量相机将成为CTIO的用户仪器；两者都将被天文学界广泛使用。(5)通过包括宇宙学短期课程、博物馆伙伴关系和公共演讲在内的积极和多样化的推广计划，分享这门科学的兴奋之处，并教育公众关于科学的本质。(6)通过有针对性的研讨会、参观者和座谈会计划，吸引更广泛的宇宙物理学社区。

The Physics Frontier Center of the Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics (PFC-KICP) brings together an accomplished team of physicists and astronomers, both theorists and experimentalists, within a unique interdisciplinary environment to address three of the most compelling questions in all of science today: (1) What is the nature of the Dark Energy and Dark Matter that dominate the Universe and have shaped its evolution? (2) Was there an inflationary epoch in the first moments of the Universe, and if so, what is the underlying physics that caused it? (3) What clues do nature?s highest energy particles offer about the unification of forces and particles? The answers to these questions have the potential to transform in a fundamental way our view of the origin and evolution of the Universe and the laws that govern it.These three questions were the focus of the Physics Frontier Center for its first four years of existence and remain at the heart of its program. Discoveries and theoretical advances over the last four years, many produced by the PFC-KICP, have sharpened these questions and pointed to new avenues for addressing them. The Center will foster several new research initiatives aimed at seizing these opportunities while continuing a number of efforts begun in the first term of the Center that are now coming to fruition. The new initiatives will make strides toward the detection of inflationary gravity waves in the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB), probe the nature of the Dark Energy with a large optical survey, develop a promising, new method for detecting Dark Matter, and provide new pooled resources for the analysis of large experimental and theoretical data sets. The integrated, cross-cutting program of research, education, and outreach aimed at fundamental questions in cosmological physics at the PFC-KICP is designed to capture the imagination of the public from K to 99 through its variety of activities with broader impact: (1) Training and educating scientists to work in teams, cross boundaries in their research, and integrate research and education, particularly through the Fellows program. (2) Disseminating important scientific results whose implications cut across the disciplines of astronomy and physics. (3) Using this exciting area of science to broaden the participation of underrepresented groups in science and engineering, with programs such as Space Explorers, WAP, UPRIDE, and RET. (4) Creating broadly shared infrastructure; e.g., the Sunyaev-Zel?dovich Array (SZA) will become part of the CARMA facility and the Dark Energy Camera will be a user instrument at CTIO; both will be broadly used by the astronomy community. (5) Sharing the excitement of this science and educating the public about the nature of science through a vigorous and diverse outreach program that includes cosmology short courses, museum partnerships, and public talks. (6) Engaging the broader cosmological physics community through a targeted program of workshops, visitors, and symposia.