Impacts of Migration on Pond Food Web Structure: Insights From Metacommunity Biology and Implications for Multi-Scale Diversity

迁徙对池塘食物网结构的影响：元群落生物学的见解以及对多尺度多样性的影响

• 批准号: 0508068
• 负责人: Mathew Leibold
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Texas at Austin
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2008-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0508068&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Impacts; Migration; Pond; Food; Web

The importance of ecological dispersal on community processes is widely recognized. However, neither the magnitude of migration effects on species-rich communities, nor the interplay of dispersal and local community processes, is well understood. Perhaps the most appropriate framework for exploring the consequences of migration to the community and region is the metacommunity, as it acknowledges multi-scale processes influencing community dynamics. Metacommunity biology addresses the impacts of inter-community dispersal, and links local to regional processes in a spatially explicit context. Emergent metacommunity theory indicates that dispersal rate can dramatically affect local and regional species richness, and ecosystem functioning, yet uses simplistic food web models to do so. In contrast, empirical metacommunity investigations employ multiple trophic levels but unsuccessfully isolate local mechanisms interacting with migration. Our research addresses the apparent disconnect between the two methods, and takes a multi-trophic and mechanistic approach to evaluating the effects of dispersal and community-level spatio-temporal heterogeneity on pond food webs. Results indicate that dispersal rate alters species richness at local and regional scales, and affects trophic structure. The proposed work extends these concepts and incorporates life-history trade-off theory into a metacommunity framework. By synthesizing mechanistic, metacommunity, and trade-off theory the research may provide novel insight into species incidence and coexistence. Further, the research has strong implications for conservation as fragmented landscapes become increasingly prevalent, and local and regional biotas modified. Ultimately, it is important to isolate and identify drivers of local and regional species richness in order to maintain biotic integrity at the global scale.

生态扩散对群落进程的重要性已被广泛认识。然而，无论是移民对物种丰富的社区的影响，也没有扩散和当地社区进程的相互作用，是很好的理解。 也许探讨移徙对社区和区域的影响的最适当框架是元区域性，因为它承认影响社区动态的多尺度进程。 后居生物学解决了社区间扩散的影响，并在空间上明确的背景下将当地与区域过程联系起来。 新兴的亚生态系统理论表明，扩散率可以显着影响当地和区域的物种丰富度，生态系统功能，但使用简单的食物网模型这样做。 相比之下，经验性元群落调查采用了多个营养水平，但未能成功分离出与迁移相互作用的当地机制。 我们的研究解决了这两种方法之间的明显脱节，并采取了多营养和机械的方法来评估扩散和社区水平的时空异质性对池塘食物网的影响。 结果表明，扩散率改变物种丰富度在当地和区域尺度，并影响营养结构。 拟议中的工作扩展了这些概念，并将生活史权衡理论纳入元生态框架。 通过综合机械论、后设性和权衡理论，该研究可能为物种发生和共存提供新的见解。 此外，这项研究对保护具有强烈的影响，因为破碎的景观变得越来越普遍，当地和区域生物多样性发生了变化。 最后，重要的是要分离和确定当地和区域物种丰富度的驱动因素，以保持全球范围的生物完整性。