Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement Grant: The Political Economy of Late Postclassic Tututepec, a Mixtec Imperial Capital on the Coast of Oaxaca, Mexico

在亚瑟·a·乔伊斯（Arthur A. Joyce）的监督下，马克·莱文（Marc Levine）将在位于墨西哥瓦哈卡州太平洋沿岸的图图特佩克（Tututepec）进行考古发掘。民族历史资料表明，在西班牙征服前夕，在后古典时期晚期（公元1100-1522年），图图特佩克是米斯特克帝国的首都，其领土横跨瓦哈卡沿海的大部分地区。尽管图图特佩克相对突出，但在这个中心进行的考古研究很少，这限制了我们对图图特佩克的社会政治和经济结构及其在后古典时期晚期中美洲世界中的作用的理解。图图特佩克考古项目（TAP）将对图图特佩克的后古典晚期进行首次发掘。TAP的首要目标将是研究后古典时期晚期Tututepec的政治经济。挖掘将集中在一个精英和一个普通住宅区，以测试两种政治经济学模型，这些模型呈现了社会经济和政治部门之间的对比关系。政治模式认为对名牌商品的控制是精英权力的重要来源，而商业模式则否认精英垄断奢侈品，认为精英权力的基础是对土地和劳动力的控制。政治和商业模式将在Tututepec通过与精英和普通家庭的生产、分配和消费活动相关的考古模式的比较分析进行测试。通过对发掘中发现的文物的风格和来源分析，TAP将能够评估精英家庭和普通家庭在生产和消费模式方面的差异。当前对后古典晚期中美洲政治经济的理解主要是对墨西哥中部阿兹特克地区的民族历史和考古数据的解释。TAP将为一个重要帝国中心的政治经济提供实证数据，从而拓宽我们对后古典时期晚期政治和经济制度关联的可变性的理解。来自TAP的信息将为研究中美洲内外前资本主义国家政治经济学的学者提供比较数据。尽管TAP的挖掘仅限于两个家庭区域，但这项研究将提供一个数据基线，以指导未来的研究，从而完善我们对图图特佩克政治经济学的理解。此外，TAP将通过对墨西哥学生进行考古实地方法培训，并通过公开演讲和带导游参观挖掘，与图图特佩克市民分享TAP的成果，从而将研究与教育结合起来。最后，TAP将与圣佩德罗图图特佩克人民合作，通过他们祖先留下的材料遗迹，以一种新的方式探索他们的历史方面，从而做出重大贡献。

Under the supervision of Arthur A. Joyce, Marc Levine will carry out archaeological excavations at Tututepec, located on the Pacific coast of Oaxaca, Mexico. Ethnohistoric sources indicate that on the eve of Spanish Conquest, during the Late Postclassic Period (AD 1100-1522), Tututepec was the capital of Mixtec empire whose territory spanned most of coastal Oaxaca. Despite Tututepec's relative prominence, little archaeological research has been carried out at this center, limiting our understanding of socio-political and economic structures at Tututepec and its role in the Late Postclassic Mesoamerican world. The Tututepec Archaeological Project (TAP) will carry out the first excavations focusing on the Late Postclassic at Tututepec.The overarching goal of the TAP will be to examine the political economy of Late Postclassic Tututepec. The excavations will concentrate on one elite and one commoner residential area to test two models of political economy that present contrasting relationships between economic and political sectors of society. While the Political Model argues that the control of prestige goods was an important source of elite power, the Commercial Model denies that elites monopolized luxury goods and instead argues that elite power was based on the control of land and labor. The Political and Commercial Models will be tested at Tututepec through a comparative analysis of archaeological patterns associated with production, distribution and consumption activities in the elite and commoner households. Through stylistic and sourcing analyses of artifacts recovered in the excavations, the TAP will be able to evaluate differences in production and consumption patterns in the elite and commoner households.Current understandings of the political economy of Late Postclassic Mesoamerica are dominated by interpretations of ethnohistoric and archaeological data from the Central Mexican Aztec area. The TAP will provide empirical data on the political economy of an important imperial center and thus broaden our understanding of the variability in the association of political and economic institutions in the Late Postclassic Period. Information from the TAP will provide comparative data to scholars studying political economy in precapitalist states within Mesoamerica and beyond. Although the TAP excavations are limited to two household areas, this study will provide a baseline of data to guide future studies that will refine our understanding of the political economy of Tututepec. In addition, the TAP will integrate research and education by training Mexican students in archaeological field methods and by sharing the results of the TAP with the citizens of Tututepec through public presentations and guided tours of the excavations. Finally, the TAP will make a significant contribution by partnering with the people of San Pedro Tututepec to explore aspects of their history in a new way, through the material remains that their ancestors left behind.