Workshop on Impacts of Increasing CO2 on Coral Reef Organisms and Other Marine Calcifiers

关于增加二氧化碳对珊瑚礁生物和其他海洋钙化物影响的研讨会

• 批准号: 0509150
• 负责人: Joan Kleypas
• 金额: $ 3.49万
• 依托单位: University Corporation For Atmospheric Res
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-15 至 2007-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0509150&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Workshop; Impacts; Increasing; CO2; Coral

Calcifying organisms of both neritic and pelagic environments are now known to be sensitive to changes in ocean chemistry. There is clear evidence that the carbonate equilibria of the oceans is shifting in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations, and there is mounting evidence that calcification rates of several major groups of marine calcifiers will decrease as CO2 concentrations continue to rise. There is also evidence that dissolution rates of these carbonates will increase in response to CO2 forcing. Although planktonic and benthic calcifiers of both neritic and pelagic communities appear to display a similar response to increased CO2 forcing, important differences exist. The PIs propose to organize a workshop of experts (~35-40 participants) in marine calcification with the following objectives: (1) to provide a forum (including a website) where expert scientists can exchange information; (2) to synthesize information regarding the effects of changing ocean carbonate chemistry on coral reef calcifiers and other marine organisms, and (3) to identify future research directions and promote collaborative research. Intellectual Merit: This workshop will build on previous efforts to address marine ecosystem response to increased atmospheric CO2. A U.S. JGOFS workshop on marine calcification (Iglesias-Rodriguez et al. 2002) primarily considered the effects on open ocean calcifiers and how reduced calcification would affect the ocean carbon cycle. The recent UNESCO-sponsored workshop The Ocean in a High-CO2 World identified priority research areas regarding organismal (including, but not focused on calcifying organisms) and ecosystem response to increased CO2, and also recommended approaches to study them from small-scale laboratory experiments, through large-scale field experiments and modeling. This workshop is designed to initiate a practical discussion among experts in the calcification field to identify specific, testable hypotheses, and to evaluate existing and promising methodologies for testing those hypotheses. Broader Impacts: Several goals of this workshop are to increase understanding, both within the scientific community and the general public, of how increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations can affect marine calcification. A product of this workshop will be website that will serve as a central information repository for those interested in doing research in this field. The site will also include general information on how to relate this information in classrooms (several of the PIs have been involved as consultants on K-12 and undergraduate exercises that demonstrate the effects of increasing CO2 on water chemistry and carbonate dissolution). Another of goal of the PIs is to recommend experimental standards that will allow better comparison of research results. Several invitations for this workshop will be reserved for graduate students and postdocs in this field, and we will encourage active participation of these young researchers by involving them in workshop activities and website development

现已知，浅海和远洋环境中的钙化生物对海洋化学变化很敏感。有明显的证据表明，海洋的碳酸盐平衡正在随着大气二氧化碳浓度的增加而改变，越来越多的证据表明，随着二氧化碳浓度的继续上升，几种主要海洋钙化物质的钙化速率将会下降。也有证据表明，这些碳酸盐的溶解速度将增加，以响应二氧化碳的强迫。尽管浅海和远洋群落的浮游和底栖钙化生物似乎对二氧化碳强迫增加表现出类似的反应，但存在重要的差异。私营部门建议组织一次海洋钙化专家讲习班(约35-40人参加)，目的如下：(1)提供一个论坛(包括一个网站)，供专家科学家交流信息；(2)综合有关海洋碳酸盐化学变化对珊瑚礁钙化和其他海洋生物的影响的信息；(3)确定未来的研究方向并促进合作研究。知识价值：这次研讨会将建立在以前解决海洋生态系统对大气二氧化碳增加的反应的努力的基础上。美国JGOFS关于海洋钙化的研讨会(Iglesias-Rodriguez等人2002年)主要考虑了对公海钙化的影响，以及钙化减少将如何影响海洋碳循环。最近由教科文组织赞助的讲习班《高二氧化碳世界中的海洋》确定了关于生物体(包括但不侧重于钙化生物体)和生态系统对二氧化碳增加的反应的优先研究领域，并建议了从小规模实验室实验开始，通过大规模实地实验和建模来研究这些生物和生态系统的方法。这次研讨会的目的是在钙化领域的专家之间发起一场实际的讨论，以确定具体的、可测试的假说，并评估现有的和有希望检验这些假说的方法。更广泛的影响：这次研讨会的几个目标是在科学界和公众中增进对大气二氧化碳浓度增加如何影响海洋钙化的理解。这次研讨会的一个产品是网站，它将为那些对这一领域的研究感兴趣的人提供一个中央信息库。该网站还将包括关于如何在课堂上将这些信息联系起来的一般信息(几个PIs曾作为K-12和本科生练习的顾问参与其中，这些练习展示了增加二氧化碳对水化学和碳酸盐溶解的影响)。PIS的另一个目标是推荐能够更好地比较研究结果的实验标准。我们将为这一领域的研究生和博士后保留几个研讨会的邀请函，我们将鼓励这些年轻研究人员积极参与研讨会活动和网站开发