Collaborative Research Proposal on Improvisation and Sensemaking in Sudden Crisis

关于突发危机中的即兴创作和意义建构的合作研究提案

• 批准号: 0510806
• 负责人: James Kendra
• 金额: $ 21.32万
• 依托单位: University of North Texas
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-15 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0510806&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Proposal; Improvisation; Sensemaking

AbstractAfter the attack on the World Trade Center on September 11, 2001, several hundred thousand commuters were evacuated from Lower Manhattan by an improvised fleet of ferries, tugs, yachts, sightseeing boats, and other assorted harbor craft. During and after this effort these same vessels, and others, shuttled emergency workers and supplies into the city to assist in the rescue and relief operations. These activities required individuals, groups, private companies, and government agencies to work together. Some had done so before, but many had not, yet they had to organize themselves and to coordinate their efforts under great stress, with changing and conflicting information, and with urgent needs for action. This project will study how they accomplished the evacuation and subsequent boat-lift of supplies: how they formed new relationships or relied on old ones, how they suspended existing procedures and developed new ones, how they gathered and exchanged information, and how they drew on old knowledge and new inspiration to form a rapidly-improvised but effective system for meeting the demands of an extraordinary crisis. The outcome of the study will be a framework for understanding how individuals and groups understand sudden change in their surroundings, how they communicate with others in complex environments, and how they develop new strategies for meeting emergency needs.Findings from this research will be of use to researchers who are interested in understanding and improving people's ability to respond to crisis situations as well as to emergency management practitioners and to members of the general public, who are increasingly asked to be participants in planning for and responding to disasters in their communities. The study will examine how individuals and groups improvise and make sense of startling events that are outside their experience. Thus the results will add to the knowledge base of how people cope with large-scale disasters. Results will also include recommendations on ways to enhance the ability to respond to disastrous events, not just in government agencies, but also in the private sector where the ability to respond promptly to disaster has strong national economic implications. Findings from the research will also be incorporated directly into the teaching at two universities where substantial disaster management education takes place, so that students will be able to implement the results of the study in professional settings.

2001年9月11日世贸中心遇袭后，数十万通勤者被临时组成的渡轮、拖船、游艇、观光船和其他各式各样的港口船只从曼哈顿下城疏散。在这一努力期间和之后，这些船只和其他船只将紧急救援人员和物资运送到该市，以协助救援和救援行动。这些活动需要个人、团体、私营公司和政府机构共同努力。有些人以前这样做了，但许多人没有这样做，但他们不得不在巨大的压力下组织起来，协调自己的努力，处理不断变化和相互矛盾的信息，以及迫切需要采取行动。这个项目将研究他们如何完成物资的疏散和随后的船运：他们如何建立新的关系或依赖旧的关系，他们如何暂停现有程序并制定新的程序，他们如何收集和交换信息，以及他们如何利用旧知识和新灵感来形成一个快速即兴但有效的系统，以满足非常危机的要求。这项研究的结果将是一个框架，以了解个人和群体如何理解周围环境的突然变化，他们如何在复杂的环境中与他人沟通，以及他们如何制定应对紧急需求的新策略。这项研究的结果将对有兴趣了解和提高人们对危机情况的反应能力的研究人员以及应急管理从业者和公众有用，他们越来越多地被要求参与社区的灾难规划和应对。这项研究将考察个人和群体如何即兴发挥，并对他们经历之外的令人震惊的事件做出解释。因此，这一结果将增加人们如何应对大规模灾难的知识库。成果还将包括关于如何提高应对灾难性事件的能力的建议，不仅在政府机构，而且在私营部门，在这些部门，迅速应对灾害的能力对国家经济具有重大影响。这项研究的结果还将直接纳入两所大学的教学中，这两所大学开展了大量的灾害管理教育，这样学生就能够在专业环境中实施研究结果。