Short- and Longer-term Effects of a Hurricane on Subtropical Estuarine Fishes

飓风对亚热带河口鱼类的短期和长期影响

• 批准号: 0512648
• 负责人: Aaron Adams
• 金额: $ 2.66万
• 依托单位: Mote Marine Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-04-15 至 2006-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0512648&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Short; Longer; term; Effects; Hurricane

Natural disturbances, such as hurricanes, have major influences on ecological communities. Disturbances influence which species, and how many individuals, are present, and where these species occur within the system. A major impediment to discerning how natural disturbances influence ecological communities is that most studies lack pre-disturbance data. Pre-disturbance data are essential as a basis for comparison with post-disturbance data to determine a disturbance's effect. Because disturbances tend to be unpredictable, studies of disturbances occur opportunistically when research is interrupted by a disturbance (thus providing pre- and post-disturbance data). Although hurricanes are relatively frequent in warm latitudes, their occurrence in time and space are unpredictable. Thus, studies of their effects are relatively rare.In contrast to natural disturbances, anthropogenic disturbances tend to have different ecological effects. This is, in part, because anthropogenic effects are often permanent (e.g., a seawall replaces a beach) or long-term (nutrients added to an estuary), while many natural disturbances are discrete events. Almost nothing is known about how anthropogenic disturbances impact the ability of ecological communities to recover from natural disturbances. Fishes in anthropogenically-disturbed and natural estuarine creeks of Charlotte Harbor, Florida were sampled for 19 months before a direct hit by Hurricane Charley in August 2004. Post-hurricane sampling will provide data necessary for estimates of hurricane impacts on economically and ecologically important estuarine fishes. In addition, this study will compare how estuarine fishes recover from a hurricane in anthropogenically-disturbed and in natural creeks, and the analysis of the resulting data will have applications to education, conservation, and resource management.

自然干扰，如飓风，对生态群落有重大影响。干扰会影响物种的种类和数量，以及这些物种在系统中的位置。辨别自然干扰如何影响生态群落的一个主要障碍是，大多数研究缺乏干扰前的数据。为了确定扰动的影响，扰动前数据是与扰动后数据进行比较的基础。由于干扰往往是不可预测的，当研究被干扰打断时，干扰的研究就会出现机会性（从而提供干扰前后的数据）。虽然飓风在温暖的纬度地区相对频繁，但它们在时间和空间上的发生是不可预测的。因此，对其影响的研究相对较少。与自然干扰相比，人为干扰往往具有不同的生态效应。这在一定程度上是因为人为影响往往是永久性的（例如，海堤取代海滩）或长期的（向河口添加营养物质），而许多自然干扰是离散事件。关于人为干扰如何影响生态群落从自然干扰中恢复的能力，我们几乎一无所知。在2004年8月飓风“查理”直接袭击佛罗里达夏洛特港之前的19个月里，对受人为干扰的天然河口小溪中的鱼类进行了采样。飓风后的采样将为估计飓风对经济和生态上重要的河口鱼类的影响提供必要的数据。此外，本研究将比较河口鱼类在人为干扰和自然溪流中如何从飓风中恢复，并对所得数据进行分析，将应用于教育、保护和资源管理。