Doctoral Dissertation Research: Reforming from Within: Human Rights and the Culture of the World Bank

在过去十年中，世界银行表示承认和支持将保护人权作为减贫的先决条件。它还援引《协定》条款为其在此类活动中的有限参与辩护，该条款要求它搁置包括一国人权记录在内的“政治”关切。该项目的假设是，世界银行组织文化中的内部冲突既说明了该机构在人权问题上的决策，也使其复杂化。通过世行总部设在华盛顿特区的人种学和文献研究，本论文的文化人类学研究项目追溯了该组织内人权文化的发展。它试图展示世行如何将知识对象化，生成类别，并采用政策作为权威机制。这项研究建立在世界银行以及土著和人权非政府组织以前的人种学研究的基础上。通过对世行从经济导向向人权导向转变的研究，这项研究将揭示内部矛盾，促进对跨国进程对法律领域的影响的科学理解，包括全球机构、国家法律和非国家规范性秩序之间的相互构成关系。它还将有助于越来越多的关于机构人类学的文献，包括官僚权力的性质和形态以及推动组织意识形态变化的条件。这项研究的结果将对社会产生更广泛的影响，使公众进一步了解地球上最大的发展机构--世界银行--隐藏的内部业务。它将促进国际机构、倡导者和土著人民之间有意义的互动和伙伴关系，他们在影响他们的发展决策中的代表性历来不足。这项研究对其他经济机构和国际组织如何试图将人权规范纳入其业务活动也有影响。该项目还将对学生和研究人员的教育做出实质性贡献。

In the last decade, the World Bank has expressed its recognition and support for the protection of human rights as a prerequisite for poverty reduction. It also justifies its limited engagement in such activities by invoking its Articles of Agreement, which oblige it to leave aside "political" concerns including a country's human rights record. The hypothesis of this project is that internal conflicts within the organizational culture of the World Bank both illuminate and complicate decision-making over the institution's approach to human rights. Through ethnographic and documentary research at the Bank headquarters in Washington, D.C., this dissertation research project in cultural anthropology traces the development of a human rights culture within the organization. It seeks to demonstrate how the Bank objectifies knowledge, generates categories, and adopts policies as mechanisms of authority. This study builds upon previous ethnographic research at the World Bank and at indigenous and human rights non-governmental organizations. Through a study of the Bank's shift from an economic to a human rights orientation, this research will uncover internal contradictions, to advance a scientific understanding of the impact of transnational processes on legal arenas including the mutually constitutive relations between global institutions, state law, and non-state normative orders. It will also contribute to a growing body of literature on the anthropology of institutions, including the nature and shape of bureaucratic power and the conditions that propel changes in organizational ideologies. The results of this study will have broader impacts on society by furthering public understanding of the hidden internal operations of the largest development agency on the planet, the World Bank. It will promote meaningful interactions and partnerships between international institutions, advocates, and indigenous peoples, who are historically underrepresented in development decisions affecting them. This study also has implications for how other economic institutions and international organizations are attempting to incorporate human rights norms within their operations. The project will also contribute materially to the education of the student-researcher.