Support for and US Participation in the Second International Conference on Women in Physics; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; May 23-26, 2005

无论是在国内还是在国际上，女性在物理学和其他领域的代表性都严重不足，比如工程学，而物理学知识是这些领域的基本先决条件。这个问题的性质和严重程度因国而异，有些国家比美国好得多，有些国家比美国差得多。然而，在一个发人深思的模式中存在着显著的一致性：在所有国家，女性从事物理学的比例随着学术阶梯的每一步以及在工业和政府实验室中的每一级晋升而显著下降。1999年，国际纯粹与应用物理联合会（IUPAP）成立了一个新的“物理学中的女性”工作组来了解这个问题并提出解决方案。2002年，在美国国家科学基金会（NSF）和其他赞助者的支持下，IUPAP工作组完成了一项国际基准工作，以了解国际上女性在物理学中的地位和趋势，并在法国巴黎举行了第一届国际女性物理学会议。来自60多个国家的300多名物理学家——其中85%是女性——参加了这次会议。会议论文集《Women in Physics》（Hartline and Li, 2002）发表。该奖项支持美国物理学家参加由IUPAP工作组组织的第二届妇女物理学国际会议，该会议将于2005年5月在巴西里约热内卢举行。参赛国的参赛队将提交海报和论文，描述他们的进展以及他们仍然面临的最重大挑战和障碍。此外，来自世界各地的女性物理学家个人将有机会展示她们自己的研究的海报和摘要，以促进更广泛的影响，包括扩大参与和国际网络。会议记录的出版和传播也将得到支持。该奖项由数学和物理科学理事会多学科活动办公室资助。

Both nationally and internationally, women are seriously under-represented in physics andin other fields, such as engineering, for which physics knowledge is an essential prerequisite. The nature and magnitude of the problem varies from country to country, with some doing considerably better and others doing considerably worse than the United States. However, there is remarkable consistency in one sobering pattern: the percentage of women in physics in all countries decreases markedly with each step up the academic ladder and with each level of promotion in industrial and government laboratories. In 1999, the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) chartered a new Working Group on Women in Physics to understand this problem and propose solutions. In 2002 with support from NSF and other sponsors, this IUPAP Working Group completed an international benchmarking effort to learn about the status and trends relating to women in physics internationally, and held the first International Conference on Women in Physics in Paris, France. More than 300 physicists--85% of them women--from more than 60 countries participated in the Conference. The Conference Proceedings, Women in Physics (Hartline and Li, 2002), was published. This award supports the participation of US physicists in the Second International Conference on Women in Physics, organized by the IUPAP Working Group, to be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in May 2005. Teams from participating countries will contribute posters and papers describing their progress along with their most significant remaining challenges and hurdles. In addition individual women physicists from around the world will have an opportunity to present a poster and abstract of their own research to foster broader impacts including broadening participation and international networking. The publication and dissemination of the Conference Proceedings will also be supported. This award is funded by the Directorate of Mathematical and Physical Science's Office of Multidisciplinary Activities.