Doctoral Dissertation Research: Transformation of the Middle Classes in Lima, Peru

博士论文研究：秘鲁利马中产阶级的转型

• 批准号: 0514581
• 负责人: Tanya Luhrmann
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of Chicago
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0514581&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Transformation; Middle

Throughout Latin America, scholars have mourned the fall of the region's middle classes due to the inflation and unemployment accompanying market reforms. But in Peru, while some report the demise of the 'traditional' criollo middle class, others celebrate the creation of an emerging middle class, consisting of second and third generation Andean migrants who achieved upward mobility through the urban informal economy. It seems that Peru's middle classes are not shrinking, as in other Latin American nations, but are expanding and diversifying, transforming one of the region's most hierarchical societies in the process. This dissertation research project by a cultural anthropologist will investigate the twin puzzle of the Peruvian middle classes through a comparative study of how families from two middle class groups in Lima, Peru have adjusted to neoliberal policies. The Peruvian middle classes is an ideal site for studying this because it offers a natural case in which two groups each with distinct sets of practices and mentalities confront the same market reforms in a shared social space. This study hypothesizes that differing kinship relations and the distinct emphases the Andean and criollo mentalities placed on working and saving activities explain the practices the two groups developed in response to market policies. This is investigated through a comparative analysis of (1) rationalizations of family budgets and resources (saving) and (2) use and rationalization of time and how it organizes daily production activities (working) in the two groups. This conceptual focus on practices will generate new testable hypotheses not about the causal relation between values and social structure, but about how these emerge from relational practices that are both structured by and structuring of mentalities.Broader Impact: This research, in addition to training a young scholar, offers a more complex understanding of the effects of neoliberal reforms in Latin America by focusing on the reasons behind the rise and fall of middle class groups and the influence this has on the emergence of democratic and free market institutions. Such knowledge will be of special interest to those concerned with how particular cultural practices mediate the effects of political economic reforms.This project is jointly supported by NSF's Cultural Anthropology and Office of International Science Americas programs.

在整个拉丁美洲，学者们为该地区中产阶级的衰落而哀悼，因为伴随着市场改革而来的通胀和失业。但在秘鲁，尽管一些人报告说传统的Criollo中产阶级正在消亡，但另一些人则庆祝新兴中产阶级的诞生，这些中产阶级由第二代和第三代安第斯移民组成，他们通过城市非正规经济实现了向上流动。秘鲁的中产阶级似乎没有像其他拉美国家那样缩小，而是在扩大和多样化，在这个过程中改变了这个该地区等级最高的社会之一。这篇文化人类学家的研究项目将通过对秘鲁利马两个中产阶级群体的家庭如何适应新自由主义政策的比较研究来调查秘鲁中产阶级的双胞胎难题。秘鲁中产阶级是研究这一问题的理想场所，因为它提供了一个自然的案例，在这个案例中，两个各自拥有不同做法和心态的群体在共享的社会空间中面对同样的市场改革。这项研究假设，不同的亲属关系以及安第斯人和克里奥洛人对工作和储蓄活动的不同重视，解释了这两个群体为应对市场政策而发展的做法。通过对(1)家庭预算和资源的合理化(节约)和(2)时间的使用和合理化及其如何组织两组的日常生产活动(工作)的比较分析来调查这一点。这种对实践的概念性关注将产生新的可检验的假设，而不是关于价值观和社会结构之间的因果关系，而是关于这些如何从由心态构建和构建的关系实践中出现的。广泛的影响：这项研究除了培训一名年轻的学者外，还通过关注中产阶级群体崛起和衰落背后的原因以及这对民主和自由市场机构的出现的影响，提供了对拉丁美洲新自由主义改革影响的更复杂的理解。这些知识将对那些关心特定文化习俗如何调节政治经济改革影响的人特别感兴趣。该项目由NSF的文化人类学和国际科学美洲办公室项目联合支持。