RUI: Labor Mobility in Victorian Britain: An Analysis Using Matched Census Data

智力价值：这项建议描述了一项研究计划，利用新的纵向数据研究19世纪英国的劳动力市场。英国是第一个工业和城市社会，19世纪是一个迅速和戏剧性变化的时代。就像社会中的许多其他东西一样，工业革命的技术突破以及这种技术在本世纪下半叶在经济中的传播，从根本上改变了劳动力市场的结构。关于这个劳动力市场的许多最有趣和最重要的话题都涉及随着时间的推移个人生活的变化--例如，内部迁移和社会经济流动性。现有的横截面数据来源，如人口普查，不太适合处理这些问题。因此，本提案描述了一个项目，通过将1851年英格兰和威尔士人口普查的个人与1881年的人口普查和1881年的人口普查与1901年的人口普查联系起来，继续建立一个具有全国代表性的纵向数据集。根据人口普查中的恒定信息将个人联系在一起：姓名、出生年份和出生地。这一新数据将补充首席调查员已经收集的关于1851年至1881年人口普查期间匹配的2.8万名男性的数据。利用这一独特的数据来源，将广泛研究1851年至1901年之间的流动模式，重点是(I)内部迁移，特别是从农村到城市的迁移；(Ii)代内和代际的社会经济流动性；(Iii)女性的劳动力流动性；以及(Iv)与美国西北大学约瑟夫·费里(Joseph Ferrie)合作的英国和美国的流动性比较。更广泛的影响：这个项目将面向本科生。科尔比大学本科生开展的研究将是该项目不可或缺的一部分。学生研究助理在首席调查员的监督和指导下，将利用1881年人口普查个人记录的现有样本和允许研究人员搜索1901年人口普查个人的网上资源，执行人口普查之间大部分名义上的个人联系。创造新数据是经济史原创研究的一个标志；参与这个项目将使学生能够直接参与到经济史研究的过程中，并将以一种在传统课堂环境中无法实现的方式加强他们的教育。试点项目已经完成，未来的大部分工作将由有色人种学生和女学生完成，这两个群体在经济学领域的代表性都很低。这项研究的一个重要贡献，除了结果本身，将是创建一个独特和有用的数据集，最终将提供给更广泛的学术界。这些数据将是英国在20世纪之前唯一存在的微观层面、具有全国代表性的面板数据。总而言之，这项研究项目将通过用新的数据和方法解决旧问题，对理解劳动力市场、经济发展和19世纪经济史做出有意义的贡献。它将使学生有机会参与原创的经济史研究，从而提高科尔比大学经济学本科教育的质量。

Intellectual Merit: This proposal describes a research program to study the labor market of nineteenth-century Great Britain using new longitudinal data. Britain was the first industrial and urban society, and the nineteenth century was a time of rapid and dramatic change. Like much else in the society, the structure of the labor market was fundamentally altered by the technological breakthroughs of the Industrial Revolution and by the diffusion of that technology through the economy during the second half of the century. Many of the most interesting and important topics regarding this labor market involve changes over time in the lives of individuals - for example, internal migration and socioeconomic mobility. Existing cross-sectional data sources such as the population censuses are not well suited to addressing these questions. Therefore, this proposal describes a project to continue constructing a nationally representative longitudinal dataset by linking individuals from the 1851 Population Census of England and Wales into the 1881 census and from the 1881 census into the 1901 census. Individuals are linked based on information constant across censuses: name, year of birth, and place of birth. This new data will complement data already gathered by the principal investigator on 28,000 males matched between the 1851 and 1881 censuses. With this unique data source, patterns of mobility between 1851 and 1901 will be studied broadly, with particular emphasis on (i) internal migration, particularly rural-urban, (ii) socioeconomic mobility, both intra- and intergenerational, (iii) labor mobility of women, and (iv) comparisons of mobility between Britain and the U.S., in conjunction with Joseph Ferrie (Northwestern University). Broader Impact: This project will be undergraduate-oriented. Research carried out by undergraduate students at Colby will be integral to the project. Student research assistants, under the supervision and instruction of the principal investigator, will carry out the majority of the nominal linkage of individuals between the censuses, using an existing sample of individual records from the 1881 census and a Web-based resource allowing the researcher to search for individuals in the 1901 census. Creating new data is a hallmark of original research in economic history; working on this project will allow students to engage directly in the process of economic history research and will augment their education in a way not possible inside the traditional classroom setting. The pilot project already completed and much of the future work will be done by students of color and by female students, both of which are groups underrepresented in the field of economics. An important contribution of the research, in addition to the results themselves, will be the creation of a unique and useful dataset, which eventually would be made available for the broader academic community. These data will be the only existing micro-level, nationally representative panel data for Britain before the twentieth century. In conclusion, this research project will contribute meaningfully to the understanding of labor markets, economic development, and nineteenth-century economic history by addressing old questions with new data and methodology. It will enhance the quality of undergraduate economics education at Colby by giving students the opportunity to participate in original economic history research.