The National Map in a Global Age: A Study of Science, Territoriality, and Governance in the U.S. and Philippines during the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries

全球时代的国家地图：19世纪末20世纪初美国和菲律宾的科学、领土和治理研究

• 批准号: 0518213
• 负责人: Scott Kirsch
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-15 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0518213&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: National; Map; Global; Age; Study

Abstract:During the late nineteenth century, the U.S. federal government initiated a vigorous national mapping program, mobilized by scientists in the U.S. Geological Survey, that was designed to produce accurate topographical and geological maps at a large scale for every piece of national territory and, in turn, to make the maps and related information available to the public by purchase and through library depositories distributed throughout the country. The national map project, which was initially controversial, reflected an emerging set of relations between science and the governance of resources and environments, and in particular an active role for government scientists in the construction of national territory, territoriality, and identity at a crucial moment of US global expansion. This research examines the scientific and cartographic nature of American territoriality in an era, the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, characterized by the emergence of new global flows and exchanges that transcended, but were profoundly regulated and structured by, national boundaries. While extending commercial and military activities and building influence beyond its borders, the US at the same time depended on flows of people, resources, and ideas from the outside for economic growth and prosperity within, making the construction of new modes of territoriality, i.e., the inclusionary and exclusionary practices meant to influence the nature and content of an area, a practical necessity. With a basis in international archival research, the project examines the role of science and scientific modes of representation in the making of territory and modes of territoriality, focusing on the work of US government scientists in both the U.S. and the Philippine Islands. The Philippines was a pivotal site for America's heightened global engagement in which science played a central role in matters of colonial governance as diverse as public health, agriculture and land use, and ethnology and tribal relations. The research thus seeks to improve our understanding of the changing dimensions of U.S. territoriality in a global context over relatively long historical periods, focusing on the interrelations of science and institutions of governance in effecting these transformations. The meaning of national territory in a global age remains a vital question for understanding the contemporary world; it was also vital to problems of governance one hundred years ago when, in the wake of the 1898 Spanish-American War, the U.S. expanded its jurisdictions into the Caribbean and Pacific as part of a wider global engagement. This project contributes new theoretical and empirical knowledge concerning the interrelations of science, government, and territorial and resource control from a formative, but too little known, moment in US and global history to inform contemporary scholarship, education, and public debate. The project will also facilitate new connections between American and Filipino scholars of the American colonial period.

摘要：在十九世纪后期，美国联邦政府启动了一项剧烈的国家地图计划，该计划由美国地质调查局中的科学家动员，旨在为每个国家领土上的每个国家 /地区提供准确的地形图和地质地图，然后通过购买和通过在整个国家 /地区分发的图书馆来提供图像和相关信息。 最初引起争议的国家地图项目反映了科学与资源和环境治理之间的一系列新兴关系，尤其是在美国全球扩张的关键时刻，政府科学家在建设国家领土，领土和身份方面的积极作用。 这项研究研究了一个时代，即19世纪末和二十世纪初，美国领土的科学和制图性质，其特点是超越了新的全球流量和交流的出现，但受到国界的严格监管和结构。在扩展商业和军事活动以及建立影响力之外，美国同时取决于从外部的人，资源和思想的流动，以实现新的领土上的新模式，即包容性和排他性实践，旨在影响领域的性质和内容，是一个实用的必要性。该项目以国际档案研究为基础，研究了科学和代表性模式在领土和领土模式中的作用，重点关注美国和菲律宾群岛的美国政府科学家的工作。菲律宾是美国加剧全球参与度的关键地点，在该地点，科学在殖民治理事务中发挥了核心作用，如公共卫生，农业和土地使用，民族学和部落关系。因此，该研究试图在相对较长的历史时期内在全球环境下在全球环境中对美国领土变化的不断变化的理解，重点关注科学和治理机构在影响这些转变时的相互关系。在全球时代，民族领土的意义仍然是理解当代世界的至关重要问题。一百年前的治理问题也至关重要，当时在1898年西班牙裔美国人战争之后，美国将其司法管辖区扩展到加勒比海和太平洋，这是全球更广泛的参与的一部分。该项目从形成性的，但鲜为人知的时刻和全球历史上，贡献了有关科学，政府以及领土和资源控制的相互关系的新的理论和经验知识，以告知当代学术奖学金，教育和公众辩论。该项目还将促进美国殖民时期的美国和菲律宾学者之间的新联系。