The National Map in a Global Age: A Study of Science, Territoriality, and Governance in the U.S. and Philippines during the Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries

全球时代的国家地图：19世纪末20世纪初美国和菲律宾的科学、领土和治理研究

• 批准号: 0518213
• 负责人: Scott Kirsch
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-15 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0518213&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: National; Map; Global; Age; Study

Abstract:During the late nineteenth century, the U.S. federal government initiated a vigorous national mapping program, mobilized by scientists in the U.S. Geological Survey, that was designed to produce accurate topographical and geological maps at a large scale for every piece of national territory and, in turn, to make the maps and related information available to the public by purchase and through library depositories distributed throughout the country. The national map project, which was initially controversial, reflected an emerging set of relations between science and the governance of resources and environments, and in particular an active role for government scientists in the construction of national territory, territoriality, and identity at a crucial moment of US global expansion. This research examines the scientific and cartographic nature of American territoriality in an era, the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, characterized by the emergence of new global flows and exchanges that transcended, but were profoundly regulated and structured by, national boundaries. While extending commercial and military activities and building influence beyond its borders, the US at the same time depended on flows of people, resources, and ideas from the outside for economic growth and prosperity within, making the construction of new modes of territoriality, i.e., the inclusionary and exclusionary practices meant to influence the nature and content of an area, a practical necessity. With a basis in international archival research, the project examines the role of science and scientific modes of representation in the making of territory and modes of territoriality, focusing on the work of US government scientists in both the U.S. and the Philippine Islands. The Philippines was a pivotal site for America's heightened global engagement in which science played a central role in matters of colonial governance as diverse as public health, agriculture and land use, and ethnology and tribal relations. The research thus seeks to improve our understanding of the changing dimensions of U.S. territoriality in a global context over relatively long historical periods, focusing on the interrelations of science and institutions of governance in effecting these transformations. The meaning of national territory in a global age remains a vital question for understanding the contemporary world; it was also vital to problems of governance one hundred years ago when, in the wake of the 1898 Spanish-American War, the U.S. expanded its jurisdictions into the Caribbean and Pacific as part of a wider global engagement. This project contributes new theoretical and empirical knowledge concerning the interrelations of science, government, and territorial and resource control from a formative, but too little known, moment in US and global history to inform contemporary scholarship, education, and public debate. The project will also facilitate new connections between American and Filipino scholars of the American colonial period.

翻译后摘要：在世纪后期，美国联邦政府发起了一个有力的国家测绘计划，动员科学家在美国地质调查局，旨在生产精确的地形和地质图在大规模的每一块国家领土，反过来，使地图和相关信息提供给公众购买和通过分布在全国各地的图书馆。 国家地图项目最初颇具争议，但它反映了科学与资源和环境治理之间的一系列新关系，特别是在美国全球扩张的关键时刻，政府科学家在国家领土、领土和身份的构建中发挥了积极作用。 本研究探讨了美国领土的科学和制图性质在一个时代，十九世纪末和二十世纪初，其特点是出现了新的全球流动和交流，超越，但深刻的监管和结构，国界。在扩大商业和军事活动并在境外建立影响力的同时，美国依赖外部的人口，资源和思想的流动来实现内部的经济增长和繁荣，从而建立了新的领土模式，即，包容性和排斥性做法意在影响一个领域的性质和内容，这是一种实际需要。该项目以国际档案研究为基础，研究了科学和科学代表模式在领土和领土模式中的作用，重点关注美国政府科学家在美国和菲律宾群岛的工作。菲律宾是美国加强全球参与的关键地点，科学在公共卫生、农业和土地使用、人种学和部落关系等各种殖民治理问题上发挥着核心作用。因此，这项研究旨在提高我们对美国领土权在全球范围内在相对较长的历史时期内不断变化的维度的理解，重点关注科学和治理机构在实现这些转变方面的相互关系。国家领土在全球化时代的意义仍然是理解当代世界的一个至关重要的问题;它对一百年前的治理问题也至关重要，当时，在1898年美西战争之后，美国将其管辖范围扩大到加勒比海和太平洋地区，作为更广泛的全球参与的一部分。该项目贡献了关于科学，政府，领土和资源控制的相互关系的新的理论和经验知识，这些知识来自美国和全球历史上形成但鲜为人知的时刻，以告知当代学术，教育和公共辩论。该项目还将促进美国殖民时期的美国和菲律宾学者之间的新联系。