A Novel Dual Membrane Reactor for Single Step Hydrogen Production of High Purity Hydrogen

一种新型单步制高纯氢双膜反应器

• 批准号: 0521977
• 负责人: Michael Harold
• 金额: $ 22.99万
• 依托单位: University of Houston
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-06-01 至 2008-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0521977&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Novel; Dual; Membrane; Reactor; Single

ABSTRACTPI: Michael Harold Institution: University of HoustonProposal Number: 0521977Title: A Novel Dual Membrane Reactor for Single Step Hydrogen Production of High Purity HydrogenThe conversion of hydrogen to electricity with proton exchange membrane fuel cells is more efficient than conventional combustion-based electricity generation and affords considerable potential in reducing fuel consumption and harmful emissions. Deployment of fuel cells requires cost-effective, compact, and reliable units for generating high purity hydrogen for distributed stationary and mobile applications. Moreover, the environmental benefit of fuel cells is especially attractive if the source of hydrogen is renewable. Most research has focused on the conversion of fossil fuels to hydrogen in complex processes involving several reactors, requiring a wide range of conditions with prolonged startup times. This project addresses the need to develop a more compact and responsive hydrogen generation system using renewable fuels.Multi-functional reactors combine chemical reaction with one or more operations in order to increase productivity and reduce process complexity. In this project the PI will research and develop a novel multi-functional reactor that combines reaction, energy integration, separation, and purification in a single unit. The autothermal reforming membrane fuel processor comprises catalytic oxidative reforming, axially distributed air addition through porous ceramic membranes, and selective hydrogen separation and purification through permselective composite hollow fibers. The reactor has the potential for achieving a very high volume productivity of high purity hydrogen, rapid dynamic response, and high overall efficiency needed for fuel cell applications. Moreover, this project will focus on ethanol derived from agricultural sources, although the design can accommodate a range of fuels as the hydrogen source.The overall project goal is to understand and to demonstrate the dual membrane reactor for producing hydrogen from a renewable feedstock. The research methods span Pd alloy membrane synthesis and characterization, membrane reactor experiments, kinetic analysis and reactor modeling.Broad Impact:The broader impact of this research is the development of an efficient technology for converting renewable fuels to high purity hydrogen for fuel cell applications. This will accelerate the adoption of fuel cells for distributed electricity generation. The focus on biogenic ethanol as the fuel reduces the net emissions of CO2, which will slow the accumulation of CO2 levels in the atmosphere. The research of ultrathin Pd alloy films supported on ceramic fibers will lead to applications in other reaction systems. The University of Houston has been designated a Minority Postsecondary Institution, which by definition is "an institute of higher education whose enrollment of a single minority or a combination of minorities exceeds 50% of the total enrollment." This should help the PI's efforts in recruiting a female or underrepresented minority student for the project.

文章摘要：迈克尔·哈罗德研究所：休斯顿大学提议编号：0521977标题：一种新型的双膜反应器，用于单步生产高纯氢。质子交换膜燃料电池将氢气转化为电能比传统的燃烧发电效率更高，并在减少燃料消耗和有害排放方面具有相当大的潜力。燃料电池的部署需要经济高效、紧凑和可靠的单元来为分布式固定和移动应用产生高纯度氢气。此外，如果氢源是可再生的，燃料电池的环境效益就特别有吸引力。大多数研究都集中在涉及几个反应堆的复杂过程中将化石燃料转化为氢，这需要广泛的条件和较长的启动时间。该项目解决了使用可再生燃料开发更紧凑和更灵敏的氢气产生系统的需要。多功能反应堆将化学反应与一种或多种操作相结合，以提高生产率并降低工艺复杂性。在这个项目中，PI将研究和开发一种新型的多功能反应器，将反应、能量集成、分离和提纯结合在一个单元中。自热重整膜燃料处理器包括催化氧化重整，通过多孔陶瓷膜轴向分布空气，以及通过渗透选择性复合中空纤维选择性地分离和提纯氢气。该反应堆有潜力实现燃料电池应用所需的非常高的高纯度氢的体积生产率、快速的动态响应和高的整体效率。此外，这个项目将侧重于从农业来源提取乙醇，尽管设计可以容纳一系列燃料作为氢源。总体项目目标是了解和演示从可再生原料中生产氢气的双膜反应器。研究方法包括钯合金膜的合成和表征、膜反应器实验、动力学分析和反应器模型。广泛的影响：这项研究的更广泛的影响是开发了一种将可再生燃料转化为高纯度氢的高效技术，用于燃料电池应用。这将加快燃料电池在分布式发电中的采用。对生物乙醇作为燃料的关注减少了二氧化碳的净排放，这将减缓大气中二氧化碳水平的积累。陶瓷纤维支撑的超薄Pd合金薄膜的研究将在其他反应体系中得到应用。休斯顿大学被指定为少数民族高等教育机构，根据定义，这是一所高等教育机构，其单一少数族裔或少数族裔组合的招生人数超过总招生人数的50%。这应有助于国际学生联合会努力为该项目招募一名女性或代表性不足的少数族裔学生。