Forays and Foraging by Marine Zooplankton

海洋浮游动物的袭击和觅食

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0525943
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    --
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2005-10-01 至 2009-09-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Intellectual Merit: A major challenge for biological oceanography is to understand and predict the vertical distribution and foraging behavior of planktonic animals. These organisms play central roles in pelagic ecosystems as consumers and producers of particles and as crucial links in pelagic food webs as prey for higher trophic types such as fish. A predictive understanding of the roles of zooplankton in these processes hinges on knowledge of their depth selection and foraging behavior. For example, where a planktonic animal forages in the water column can profoundly affect not only its feeding rate and growth rate, but also where it produces particles associated with its feeding. Moreover, in vertically structured advective fields, the dispersal of individuals depends on their position in the water column that may be dictated by other properties. Although diel vertical migration is the most conspicuous expression of depth selection and foraging behavior in zooplankton, there is much evidence indicating that zooplankton make excursions of substantial vertical extent on time scales shorter than the diel period. The biological significance of such behavior is currently unknown, but if frequent and widespread, its inclusion in models of zooplankton population dynamics and dispersal will be essential. The goal of this research is to test, in the ocean, the hypothesis that when occupying near surface waters planktonic copepods make repeated vertical excursions (forays) into and out of the food-rich layer. The Investigators will test the hypothesis by directly intercepting (trapping) vertically migrating individual adults and the last pre-adult stage (copepodid stage 5) of three species of planktonic copepods. Copepods will be sampled on sufficiently short time scales to detect repeated forays and to assess whether the forays are for the purpose of feeding. The research team will measure a small number of key indicators of physiological state and condition to assess the physiological consequences for individual copepods of such foraging behavior. The observations will be obtained in different seasons with different feeding conditions, water column physical structure (intensity of thermal stratification) and nocturnal period. Finally, they will integrate the observations in an individual-based model of copepod forays and foraging. The results of the research will be important for identifying and assessing processes and their potential significance in determining the vertical distribution and foraging behavior of zooplankton. These considerations are fundamental not only to understanding and modeling the population dynamics of marine zooplankton, but also to predicting the possible response of zooplankton to environmental changes, such as those associated with global climate change, and to understanding the vertical flux of materials, nutrients, and energy from surface waters to depth in the ocean.Broader impacts: The project will involve direct participation of two graduate student research assistants, who will pursue related research projects. The research will also develop a partnership with NOAA's Pacific Fisheries Environmental Laboratory in Pacific Grove, CA. Relevant to that partnership, the insights gained in the proposed research should also be valuable to fisheries management in terms of advancing understanding of how environmental change may affect the distribution and availability of a major class of prey items for many managed living marine resources, such as juvenile salmon and other small pelagic fish.
智力优势:生物海洋学的一个主要挑战是了解和预测浮游动物的垂直分布和觅食行为。这些生物在远洋生态系统中发挥着核心作用,作为颗粒的消费者和生产者,以及作为鱼类等高等营养类型的猎物,作为远洋食物网中的重要环节。浮游动物在这些过程中的作用的预测性理解取决于他们的深度选择和觅食行为的知识。例如,水生动物在水柱中觅食不仅可以深刻地影响其摄食率和生长率,还可以影响其产生与其摄食相关的颗粒的位置。此外,在垂直结构的平流场中,个体的扩散取决于它们在水柱中的位置,这可能由其他属性决定。虽然昼夜垂直迁移是浮游动物深度选择和觅食行为的最显著表现,但有大量证据表明,浮游动物在时间尺度上的大幅度垂直范围的漂移短于昼夜周期。这种行为的生物学意义目前尚不清楚,但如果频繁和广泛,将其纳入浮游动物种群动态和扩散模型将是必不可少的。这项研究的目的是测试,在海洋中,假设当占领近表面的沃茨浮游桡足类进行重复的垂直游览(突袭)进入和离开食物丰富的层。研究人员将通过直接拦截(诱捕)垂直迁移的个体成体和三种浮游桡足类的最后一个成体前阶段(桡足类阶段5)来检验这一假设。将在足够短的时间尺度上对桡足类进行采样,以检测重复的突袭,并评估突袭是否以摄食为目的。研究小组将测量生理状态和条件的少数关键指标,以评估这种觅食行为对个体桡足类的生理后果。观测将在不同季节、不同的摄食条件、水柱物理结构(热分层强度)和夜间进行。最后,他们将把观察结果整合到一个基于个体的桡足类突袭和觅食模型中。研究结果将是重要的识别和评估过程及其在确定浮游动物的垂直分布和觅食行为的潜在意义。这些考虑因素不仅对于理解和模拟海洋浮游动物的种群动态,而且对于预测浮游动物对环境变化(例如与全球气候变化相关的变化)的可能反应,以及理解从海洋表面沃茨到海洋深处的物质、营养物和能量的垂直通量,都是至关重要的。该项目将涉及两名研究生研究助理的直接参与,他们将从事相关的研究项目。这项研究还将与位于加利福尼亚州太平洋格罗夫的NOAA太平洋渔业环境实验室建立伙伴关系。与这一伙伴关系相关的是,拟议研究中获得的见解也应该对渔业管理很有价值,有助于进一步了解环境变化可能如何影响许多受管理海洋生物资源的一大类猎物的分布和供应,如幼鲑鱼和其他小型中上层鱼类。

项目成果

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Bruce Frost其他文献

Another Look at the Time-Score Relationship
从另一个角度看时间与分数的关系
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    1994
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    R. Beaulieu;Bruce Frost
  • 通讯作者:
    Bruce Frost
Repurposing Licensed Drugs with Activity Against Epstein–Barr Virus for Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Approach
  • DOI:
    10.1007/s40263-024-01153-5
  • 发表时间:
    2025-01-10
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    7.400
  • 作者:
    Vivien Li;Fiona C. McKay;David C. Tscharke;Corey Smith;Rajiv Khanna;Jeannette Lechner-Scott;William D. Rawlinson;Andrew R. Lloyd;Bruce V. Taylor;Julia M. Morahan;Lawrence Steinman;Gavin Giovannoni;Amit Bar-Or;Michael Levy;Natalia Drosu;Andrew Potter;Nigel Caswell;Lynne Smith;Erin C. Brady;Bruce Frost;Suzanne Hodgkinson;Todd A. Hardy;Simon A. Broadley
  • 通讯作者:
    Simon A. Broadley

Bruce Frost的其他文献

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{{ truncateString('Bruce Frost', 18)}}的其他基金

Collaborative Proposal: Effects of Mineral Ballast and Particle Sinking Velocity on Organic Carbon Export and Remineralization
合作提案:矿物压载物和颗粒下沉速度对有机碳输出和再矿化的影响
  • 批准号:
    0424771
  • 财政年份:
    2005
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Researchl: A Quantitative Assessment of Mineral Ballasts in Carbon Export and Remineralization
合作研究:碳输出和再矿化中矿物压载物的定量评估
  • 批准号:
    0136387
  • 财政年份:
    2002
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
GLOBEC-01: Zooplankton population dynamics on Georges Bank: Model and data synthesis
GLOBEC-01:乔治银行的浮游动物种群动态:模型和数据综合
  • 批准号:
    0222309
  • 财政年份:
    2002
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Diatom Blooms and Planktonic Grazers: Paradigm or Paradox?
硅藻华和浮游食草动物:范式还是悖论?
  • 批准号:
    0118044
  • 财政年份:
    2001
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
The Importance of Iron Complexation to Organic Matter Preservation in Suboxic Sediments
铁络合对含氧沉积物中有机物保存的重要性
  • 批准号:
    9911364
  • 财政年份:
    2000
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Food Substrates and Digestive Capabilities of Marine Deposit Feeders
海洋沉积物饲养者的食物基质和消化能力
  • 批准号:
    9617701
  • 财政年份:
    1997
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Invasion of Aquatic Habitats as an Evolutionary Process
论文研究:水生栖息地的入侵作为一个进化过程
  • 批准号:
    9623649
  • 财政年份:
    1996
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Grazing and Dynamics of Grazer Populations in a Temperate Fjord
温带峡湾的放牧和食草动物种群动态
  • 批准号:
    9202657
  • 财政年份:
    1992
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Modelling the Annual Cycles of Plankton Production in Subpolar Open Seas
对近极地公海浮游生物生产的年度周期进行建模
  • 批准号:
    9101909
  • 财政年份:
    1991
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Acoustics of Copepods and Micronekton in the Great South Channel
大南海峡中桡足类和微游生物的声学
  • 批准号:
    8915844
  • 财政年份:
    1990
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant

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北极海洋捕食者在不断变化的海景下的栖息地利用、觅食动态和适应性
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