Operation of a Marine Atmospheric Sampling Facility at Tudor Hill, Bermuda

百慕大都铎山海洋大气采样设施的运行

• 批准号: 0526054
• 负责人: Anthony Knap
• 金额: $ 12.92万
• 依托单位: Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences (BIOS), Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0526054&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Operation; Marine; Atmospheric; Sampling; Facility

OCE-0526054The processes of atmospheric transport and air-sea exchange play major roles in the geochemical cycling of biologically important elements, as well as impacting on the Earth's radiation budget and the distribution of pollutants and pathogens. There is a pressing need to better understand these processes, in order to predict and mitigate the effects of anticipated changes in the global climate and environment. This requires an increased observational and experimental capability with respect to atmospheric transport and atmosphere-ocean exchange processes - an imperative has been recognized in the emergence of research initiatives such as the Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS), GEOTRACES, and the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI). Bermuda has been a key sampling and observational location for a number of important studies of the marine atmosphere, by virtue of its location in the western North Atlantic, where the atmosphere is impacted by emissions from North America, Europe, North Africa and the surrounding ocean. Bermuda is now well equipped for such studies, with a 23-m high atmospheric sampling tower and site laboratories that were established at Tudor Hill, on the southwest coast of the island, during the NSF-AEROCE program (1987-1998).Under this award, researchers at the Bermuda Biological Station for Research will receive funding to maintain and operate this valuable facility for use by the research community beyond August 2005. With this support they will: (1) maintain a state-of-the-art atmospheric sampling facility at Tudor Hill, Bermuda; (2) collect, archive and make freely available meteorological data and selected "core" atmospheric samples (weekly bulk aerosols and rainwater) for use by other researchers; and (3) provide the opportunity for the collection of additional atmospheric samples and data for other investigators, and for use of the facility by other investigators. They will assess modest facility-user fees for the collection of samples or data in addition to the weekly "core" sampling, or other uses of the facilities. The anticipated net revenue from these user fees over the project period (ca. $10,000-15,000 per year) will be used to defray the costs of additional technician support, maintenance and equipment replacement for the tower facility. In terms of broader impacts, the continued operation of the Tudor Hill tower will facilitate a wide variety of ocean-atmosphere research, which is expected to further our knowledge of the Earth system and to improve our ability to predict and mitigate the effects of future environmental change. Within a regional context, the Bermuda tower will form part of an ocean observatory network in the Sargasso Sea, along with ongoing ocean time-series programs including Hydrostation S, the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS), the Bermuda Testbed Mooring Program, and the Oceanic Flux Program. Together, these observational programs promise an unprecedented understanding of oceanic and atmospheric processes. This project is expected to make significant educational contributions at a number of levels. Data and samples collected during our renewal project will be made available for use in graduate research projects, as they have been used during our current award. The Tudor Hill facility will also provide opportunities for undergraduate education, through use in BBSR's NSF-funded Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program, and in lecture materials for undergraduate courses that are offered at BBSR. Descriptions of the research carried out at the Tudor Hill facility will continue to be used in BBSR's public outreach activities, such as public lectures, annual open-house day, and on the internet via the BBSR web site.

大气输送和海-气交换过程在生物重要元素的地球化学循环中起着重要作用，并对地球的辐射收支和污染物和病原体的分布产生影响。迫切需要更好地了解这些过程，以便预测和减轻全球气候和环境预期变化的影响。这就需要加强有关大气传输和大气-海洋交换过程的观测和实验能力--这一点已在诸如表层海洋低层大气研究(SOLAS)、地球物理轨道系统(GEOTRACES)和海洋观测站倡议(OOI)等研究倡议的出现中得到承认。百慕大位于北大西洋西部，大气受到北美、欧洲、北非和周围海洋排放的影响，因此一直是对海洋大气进行一些重要研究的重要采样和观测地点。百慕大现在装备精良，拥有23米高的大气采样塔和NSF-AEROCE计划(1987-1998)期间在该岛西南海岸的都铎山上建立的现场实验室。根据这项奖励，百慕大生物研究站的研究人员将获得资金，用于维护和运营这一宝贵的设施，供研究界在2005年8月后使用。在这一支助下，他们将：(1)在百慕大都铎山维持一个最先进的大气采样设施；(2)收集、存档和免费提供气象数据和选定的“核心”大气样本(每周大量气溶胶和雨水)，供其他研究人员使用；(3)为其他研究人员提供收集更多大气样本和数据的机会，并供其他研究人员使用该设施。他们将评估设施使用者在每周“核心”抽样或设施的其他用途之外收集样本或数据的适度费用。预计这些使用费在项目期间的净收入(每年约10,000-15,000美元)将用于支付塔楼设施额外的技术支持、维护和设备更换费用。在更广泛的影响方面，都铎山塔的继续运行将促进各种海洋-大气研究，预计这将促进我们对地球系统的了解，并提高我们预测和减轻未来环境变化影响的能力。在区域范围内，百慕大塔将成为马尾藻海海洋观测网的一部分，与正在进行的海洋时间序列方案一起，包括S水电站、百慕大大西洋时间序列研究、百慕大试验床系泊方案和大洋流方案。总而言之，这些观测项目承诺对海洋和大气过程有前所未有的了解。预计该项目将在多个层面上做出重大的教育贡献。我们在更新项目期间收集的数据和样本将用于研究生研究项目，就像我们在当前奖项中使用的那样。都铎山设施还将通过在BBSR的NSF资助的本科生研究经验(REU)项目中使用，以及在BBSR提供的本科课程的讲座材料中使用，为本科教育提供机会。对在都铎山设施进行的研究的描述将继续用于BBSR的公共宣传活动，如公开讲座、一年一度的开放日，并通过BBSR的网站在因特网上使用。