IMR: Developement of an Analyzer for Size and Charge Characterization of Nanoparticles in Research and Training

IMR：在研究和培训中开发纳米颗粒尺寸和电荷表征分析仪

• 批准号: 0526977
• 负责人: Malay Mazumder
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Arkansas Little Rock
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-15 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0526977&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: IMR; Developement; Analyzer; Size; Charge

Non-Technical Abstract: The University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR), in collaboration with Arkansas State University, Arkansas Children's Hospital, and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, is proposing to develop an instrument to study the properties of minute-sized airborne particles and their roles in environmental health, science, medicine, and economic development. These particles, too small to be visible even with the aid of a standard laboratory microscope, may cause serious damage to both the lungs and the heart (Science Magazine, 25 March 2005), and these adverse health effects range across many industries - from particles present in soot and automotive exhaust to lunar or Martian dust that astronauts will be exposed to in human missions to the Moon and Mars. In the emerging development of nanotechnology, industries thus face many challenges in controlling the hazards presented by nanoparticles, and perhaps even more importantly are the myriad beneficial applications to engineering and medical technologies that nanotechnology can provide. These nanoparticles may be assembled together by non-contact forces in a precise structure and order to form new engineering materials and medical drugs not feasible for assembly with any current mechanical tools in existence. This, for instance, opens the pathway to new drug development and delivery techniques for cystic fibrosis patients. Experts predict that economic development to address the two sides of currently emerging nanotechnology will grow into a trillion dollar industry in the United States alone over the next two decades. UALR will develop a new instrument to measure the size and static charge distribution of the particles and to control their motion in electric, magnetic, and gravitational fields. Under the proposed two-year instrument development application project, it will be used to study: 1) Material coatings development for medical devices, and new drug development for respiratory delivery, 2) studies on the adverse environmental effects of nanoparticles from various industries, 3) detection of chemicals and biotoxins in the air for US Space and Missile Defense Command, and the development of new respiratory protection against nanoparticle inhalation, and 4) the improvement of advanced engineering processes in reducing the emission of nanoparticle exhaust pollutants in the automotive industry. The proposed research is designed to support integrative education of students from grade 9 up to the completion of a PhD program, as the university faculty members will work with school teachers preparing the students for education and research at the university level.Technical Abstract: Development of a laser based instrument to measure simultaneously both particle size and electrostatic charge distributions in real time and on a single particle basis for particles in the size range 10 to 1000 nm in diameter is proposed by a team of researchers of the University of Arkansas at Little Rock (UALR). The instrument will employ a Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) that will analyze the response of particle motion under the excitation of ac electric and acoustic fields synchronously applied at a frequency ranging from 10 to 100 KHz. The diameter (da) and the charge (q) of each particles passing through the LDV sensing volume, are determined by measuring the phase lag and the amplitude ratio of the oscillatory particle motion with respect to the applied sinusoidal fields. A high frequency photon correlator and a cooled photomultiplier tube will be used to process signals from the radiation scattered from particles to measure the size and charge distributions at a rate of 1000 particles per second. Application of this new Electro-acoustic Single Particle Aerodynamic Relaxation Time (ESPART) Analyzer for nanoparticles will be utilized in several research projects being performed by the team of scientists, engineers, and physicians at UALR, and other campuses in the US and abroad including Arkansas Children Hospital and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. These projects include: 1) Material engineering studies of aerodynamic and electrokinetic transport of nanoparticles, their deposition and cluster formation, electrodynamic guided assembly of airborne particles of different sizes and compositions developing new drugs for respiratory delivery, and electrospray of nanoparticles for coating cardiovascular stents 2) studies on the regional lung deposition of inhaled nanoparticles as a function of size and charge using physical models, 3) detection of chemicals and biotoxins in air for US Space and Missile Defense Command, and the development of new respiratory protection against nanoparticle inhalation, and 4) plasma processes in reducing the emission of nanoparticle exhaust pollutants in the automotive industry. The proposed research and education project is designed to support integrative education of students anywhere from grade 9 to the completion of a PhD program in material engineering, as the university faculty members will work with school teachers and students in preparing the students for education and research at the university level.

非技术摘要：阿肯色大学小石城分校(UALR)与阿肯色州立大学、阿肯色州儿童医院和阿肯色大学医学科学大学合作，正在提议开发一种仪器，以研究微小空气悬浮颗粒物的特性及其在环境健康、科学、医学和经济发展中的作用。这些颗粒太小，即使在标准的实验室显微镜下也看不到，可能会对肺和心脏造成严重损害(科学杂志，2005年3月25日)，这些有害的健康影响涉及许多行业--从烟尘和汽车尾气中的颗粒，到宇航员在人类登月和火星任务中将暴露在其中的月球或火星尘埃。因此，在纳米技术的新兴发展中，工业在控制纳米颗粒带来的危害方面面临着许多挑战，也许更重要的是纳米技术可以提供无数有益于工程和医疗技术的应用。这些纳米粒子可以通过非接触力以精确的结构和顺序组装在一起，形成新的工程材料和医学药物，而现有的任何机械工具都不可能组装这些材料和药物。例如，这为囊性纤维化患者开辟了新药开发和给药技术的途径。专家预测，解决目前新兴纳米技术的两面性的经济发展将在未来20年内仅在美国就成长为价值万亿美元的产业。UALR将开发一种新的仪器来测量粒子的大小和静态电荷分布，并控制它们在电场、磁场和引力场中的运动。根据拟议的为期两年的仪器开发应用项目，它将用于研究：1)医疗器械材料涂层的开发，以及呼吸输送新药的开发，2)不同行业纳米颗粒对环境不利影响的研究，3)为美国空间和导弹防御司令部检测空气中的化学物质和生物毒素，以及开发新的防止纳米颗粒吸入的呼吸保护装置，以及4)改进汽车行业减少纳米颗粒尾气污染物排放的先进工程工艺。这项拟议的研究旨在支持从九年级到完成博士课程的学生的综合教育，因为大学教职员工将与学校教师合作，为学生在大学层面的教育和研究做好准备。技术摘要：阿肯色大学小石城分校(UALR)的一个研究小组提出，开发一种基于激光的仪器，实时并基于单个粒子测量直径在10到1000 nm范围内的粒子的粒度和静电电荷分布。该仪器将采用激光多普勒测速仪(LDV)，分析在10至100 kHz频率范围内同步施加交流电场和声场激励下粒子运动的响应。通过测量粒子振荡运动相对于外加正弦场的相位滞后和振幅比，确定了通过LDV传感体积的每个粒子的直径(Da)和电荷(Q)。高频光子相关器和冷却的光电倍增管将用于处理来自粒子散射的辐射信号，以每秒1000个粒子的速度测量粒子的尺寸和电荷分布。UALR的科学家、工程师和医生团队以及包括阿肯色州儿童医院和阿肯色州医科大学在内的国内外其他校园正在进行的几个研究项目中，将使用这种新型电声单粒子空气动力学弛豫时间(EsPart)纳米粒子分析仪。这些项目包括：1)材料工程研究，研究纳米颗粒的空气动力学和电动输送，它们的沉积和形成，不同尺寸和组成的空气中纳米颗粒的电动引导组装，开发用于呼吸输送的新药，以及用于心血管支架涂层的纳米颗粒的电喷雾；2)利用物理模型研究可吸入纳米颗粒在肺中的区域沉积；3)为美国空间和导弹防御司令部检测空气中的化学物质和生物毒素，以及开发针对纳米颗粒吸入的新型呼吸保护装置，以及4)在汽车工业中降低纳米颗粒废气污染物的等离子处理。拟议的研究和教育项目旨在支持从9年级到完成材料工程博士课程的学生的一体化教育，因为大学教职员工将与学校教师和学生合作，为学生在大学层面的教育和研究做好准备。