Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Early Contact Period Interaction in the Western Spanish Borderlands - A Ceramic Technological Study

在Ann Ramenofsky博士的监督下，Jennifer Boyd女士将进行她的博士研究，研究普韦布洛印第安群体在欧洲接触中的破坏和创新，反映在陶瓷技术变革中。接触时期是一个截然不同的世界碰撞的时期，刺激了不同人群、技术、物质产品、思想和疾病之间复杂的互动过程。美洲原住民与西班牙人的互动在美洲各地采取了不同的形式，导致了当地独特的连续性和变化。这项研究将着眼于普韦布洛印第安人生活方式的变化，在西班牙西部边疆地区（现在的现代新墨西哥州）从最初的接触，在16世纪通过普韦布洛起义的1680年。新墨西哥州是一个独特的地方，研究美洲原住民-西班牙的互动，因为它在最北部的边境地区的偏远位置，并可能提供一个重要的对比，以其他地区有一个高度的西班牙统治和美洲原住民群体的同时杀戮。普韦布洛印第安人不仅仅是欧洲统治的受害者。他们是塑造互动的积极参与者。科隆陶器的发展代表了对整个帝国对欧洲船只形式的需求的一种本土反应。科隆诺陶瓷是一种具有手工盘绕，低火美洲土著陶瓷传统和中世纪欧洲船只形式属性的陶瓷。这些陶瓷，发现整个西班牙帝国，标志着新的容器形式的出现在土著陶瓷剧目。不幸的是，人们对这些陶瓷知之甚少，特别是技术变化可能伴随着血管形态的变化。矿物学，化学和形式分析将被用来确定普韦布洛印第安陶瓷，特别是科隆陶瓷技术变革的性质。本研究将区分两种技术变革类型，分别从破坏和创新两个角度进行解读。与陶艺家的运动技能或成功的生产顺序相关的高度保守属性的变化将被解释为反映由于陶艺家群体结构的不连续性、文化传播的中断和/或土著人口的损失而造成的破坏。相比之下，与成功的生产顺序没有直接关系并且在成品船上可见的属性变化将被解释为反映普韦布洛印第安人的创新。这项研究的智力价值是，它将推进知识普韦布洛印第安人与西班牙人的互动和早期殖民历史的新墨西哥州。这将是美国西南部第一次对科隆陶器进行全面的技术研究，并将通过比较各种使命和非使命设置，为确定普韦布洛印第安群体的破坏和创新提供一种强有力的手段。这项研究的更广泛的影响将是传播有关早期普韦布洛印第安-西班牙互动和陶瓷技术在西班牙西部边疆地区的变化信息。该项目还将为作者提供重要的额外专业培训。这项研究的结果将通过发表的论文以及专业和公共讲座，与专业和公共受众，包括现代普韦布洛印第安人群体分享。研究结果还将用于加强总督宫博物馆和佩科斯国家纪念碑的博物馆展览和解释性小册子。

Under the supervision of Dr. Ann Ramenofsky, Ms. Jennifer Boyd will conduct her doctoral research addressing disruption and innovation in Pueblo Indian groups at European contact as reflected in ceramic technological change. The contact period was a time when vastly different worlds collided, stimulating a complex process of interaction among different groups of people, technologies, material goods, ideas, and diseases. Native American-Spanish interactions took different forms in various parts of the Americas resulting in locally distinct continuity and change. This study will look at changes in Pueblo Indian lifeways in the western Spanish Borderlands (now modern New Mexico) from initial contact in the 16th century through the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. New Mexico is a unique place to study Native American-Spanish interaction because of its remote location in the northernmost Borderlands and may provide an important counterpoint to other areas where there was a high degree of Spanish domination and simultaneous decimation of Native American groups. Pueblo Indians were not just victims of European dominance. They were active participants in shaping interactions. The development of colono wares represents one such indigenous response to an empire-wide need for European vessel forms. Colono wares are ceramics with attributes from hand-coiled, low-fired Native American ceramic traditions and medieval European vessel forms. These ceramics, found throughout the Spanish Empire, mark the appearance of new vessel forms in the indigenous ceramic repertoire. Unfortunately, little is known about these ceramics, especially what technological changes may have accompanied vessel form changes. Mineralogical, chemical, and formal analyses will be used to determine the nature of technological changes in Pueblo Indian ceramics, especially colono wares. This study will distinguish between two types of technological change to make interpretations in terms of disruption and innovation. Change in highly conservative attributes related to motor skills of potters or the successful production sequence will be interpreted as reflecting disruption due to discontinuity in potter group structure, breakdown in cultural transmission, and/or indigenous population loss. In contrast, change in attributes not directly related to the successful production sequence and visible on a finished vessel will be interpreted as reflecting Pueblo Indian innovation. The intellectual merit of this study is that it will advance knowledge regarding Pueblo Indian-Spanish interactions and the early colonial history of New Mexico. This will be the first comprehensive technological study of colono wares in the American Southwest and will provide a robust means of determining disruption and innovation in Pueblo Indian groups by comparing a variety of mission and non-mission settings. The broader impacts of this study will be the dissemination of information regarding early Pueblo Indian-Spanish interaction and ceramic technological change in the western Spanish Borderlands. This project will also provide the author with significant, additional professional training. The results of this study will be shared with professional and public audiences, including modern Pueblo Indian groups, through published papers and professional and public talks. The results will also be used to enhance museum displays and interpretive brochures at the Palace of the Governors Museum and Pecos National Monument.