A Mars Whole Atmosphere Climate Model: Development and Applications

从火星表面到300千米的整个大气层都被模拟出来了。综合方法建立了从地面到外逸层大气的耦合能量学、动力学和化学。对火星低层大气与高层大气耦合的物理过程进行量化，可以量化大气粉尘负荷的季节变化和太阳周期变化对已确定的耦合过程的影响，从而对整个火星大气的沙尘暴演变和影响进行研究。目前用于地球大气建模的“全大气气候模式”（WACM）通用环流代码适用于火星上层大气，并与最初为地球低层大气精细网格划分而设计的新的有限差分动力核心相结合。这种低层大气方法学经过调整，可以采用地形跟踪垂直坐标系统，以适应火星拓扑结构的显著变化。模型验证和调整由火星全球勘测者和火星奥德赛提供中性和离子大气密度剖面，中性温度的高度剖面，以及推断的风-因此建立了对未来火星条件的预测能力。将为地球大气开发的环流模型适应于火星大气，为在这两个行星上改进基于物理的模型开发提供了一个新的检查和评估试验台。

The entire atmosphere of Mars is modeled from the surface to 300 km. The integrated approach establishes the coupled energetics, dynamics, and chemistry of the atmosphere from the ground to the exosphere. Quantification of the physical processes that couple the lower Martian atmosphere to the upper Martian atmosphere permits quantification of the impact of seasonal and solar-cycle variations of atmospheric dust-loading on the identified coupling processes, and consequently an examination of the of dust storm evolution and impact throughout the Martian atmosphere. The "Whole Atmosphere Climate Model" (WACM) general circulation code currently in use for modeling of the Earth atmosphere is adapted to the upper Martian atmosphere, and is joined to a new finite difference dynamical core originally designed for fine-mesh gridding in the earth's lower atmosphere. That lower atmosphere methodology is adapted to permit a terrain-following vertical coordinate system to accommodate the significant variations of Martian topology. Model verification and tuning is provided by Mars Global Surveyor and Mars Odyssey neutral and ion atmospheric density profiles, altitude profiles of neutral temperature, and inferred winds - so that a predictive capability of future Martian conditions is established. The adaptation of circulation models developed for the Earth atmosphere to the Martian atmosphere permits a new examination and evaluation test bed for improved physics-based model development on both planets.