High-Latitude Austral Atmospheric Dynamics

研究平流层和大气层高层(如中间层)之间的动力耦合是当代最引人注目的极地大气学方向之一。在2002年春季主要平流层突然变暖之前，南极冬季中间层动力学温度的测量已经在实验上清楚地表明南半球存在这种动力耦合--冬季中间层温度测量与臭氧空洞面积有很强的相关性。这些结果表明，导致平流层变暖的动力过程在南半球冬季已经存在，这一早期的中间层信号导致了估计春季臭氧空洞面积的潜在能力。为了更好地理解潜在的过程，需要对这些现象进行进一步的观察。这些最近的结果表明了南极中层长期测量的内在价值，因为它们确实为了解大气动态及其对全球气候变化的影响及其社会影响提供了一扇知识之窗。为了对这一大气区域的全球尺度动力学和热力学有一个基本的了解，对南极帽中性上层大气的测量也是相关的。麦克默多站白天大部分时间都在极冠内，使其成为南极洲地磁纬度最高的站。麦克默多站和南极站的联合测量正在开始解决在高地磁纬度存在持续和可预测的热层垂直中性风这一特殊问题，这是首次从南极报告的。这些垂直风的存在对这一大气区域的能量学产生了深远的影响。这些调查与国际南极大气学会同事的观察结果同时进行，将加强目前对这一极地大气动力学问题及其对全球环流影响的了解。除了科学意义外，还取决于在平流层臭氧空洞面积最大之后的第一个十年内保持中间层/热层大气测量的广泛社会影响。这项研究也有助于对研究生和本科生的培训和教育，包括代表不足的群体。

One of the most compelling and contemporary polar aeronomy directions is the investigation of dynamical coupling of the stratosphere and the upper regions of the atmosphere, such as the mesosphere. The South Pole wintertime mesospheric kinetic temperature measurements, preceding the springtime major stratospheric sudden warming of 2002, have clearly shown experimentally the presence of this dynamical coupling in the Southern Hemisphere - the wintertime mesospheric temperature measurements showed a strong correlation with the ozone hole area. These results indicate that the dynamical processes leading to the stratospheric warming were already in place during the austral winter and, that, this early mesospheric signal leads to the potential ability to estimate the springtime ozone hole area. Further observations on these phenomena are needed to understand better the underlying processes. These recent results indicate the intrinsic value of long-term mesospheric measurements at South Pole, as they do provide a window of knowledge into the dynamics of the atmosphere and their effects on Global Climate Change, as well as its societal implications. Austral polar cap neutral upper atmosphere measurements are also relevant in order to gain a basic understanding on the global-scale dynamics and thermodynamics of this atmospheric region. McMurdo Station is within the polar cap most of the day, making it the highest geomagnetic latitude station at Antarctica. Combined measurements from McMurdo and South Pole Stations are beginning to address the special problem of the existence of persistent and predictable thermospheric vertical neutral winds at high geomagnetic latitudes, first reported from South Pole. The existence of these vertical winds has profound effects on the energetics of this region of the atmosphere. These investigations, simultaneous with the observations of the international Antarctic Aeronomy Consortium colleagues, will enhance the present understanding of this polar atmospheric dynamics problem and its effect on global circulation. In addition to the scientific interest, there are broad social implications dependent on maintaining mesospheric/thermospheric aeronomy measurements through the first decade after maximum of the stratospheric ozone hole area. This research also contributes to the training and education of for both graduate and undergraduate students, including underrepresented groups.