Austral High-Latitude Atmospheric Dynamics

最近（由PI和其他人）在南极附近发现的高纬度纬向波数一特征中层波的纬度范围的研究和确定是极地高层大气学中最引人注目的当代研究。这些中间层波在其他地方还没有被观测到，因为在低纬度地区，光谱中有更大的中间层波的纬向波数，这些波很少被直接测量。当我们接近旋转极附近的高纬度时，在低纬度观测到的高波数振荡必须要么转化为观测到的高纬度波数1振荡，要么将其能量损失到平均流中并作为热耗散。南极和到达高地现有的地面观测站与TIMED卫星一起进行综合和同时观测，为确定这种振荡波数模式过渡区在何处以及如何发生提供了一个独特的机会。这是一个调查这个问题的独特机会，在未来十到十五年内不太可能再次发生。这些调查只能在南极洲进行，因为必须从旋转极进行定义性观测。地磁高纬度地区的另一个特殊问题是存在持续和可预测的热层垂直中性风，这是PI从南极观测中首次报告的。这些垂直风的存在，可能是由于离子阻力的水平风运动的发散所造成的，对这一区域的大气能量有着深远的影响。随着目前的太阳活动极大，更完整的表征和调查这些垂直风成为可能，因为它们是地磁活动的依赖。这些来自南极的调查，同时与到达高地和我们的南方联盟同事在莫森和戴维斯站的观测，以及那些与TIMED卫星将扩大地理和地磁覆盖面的中性垂直风研究。这些调查是可能的，因为现有的高度通用的地面法布里-珀罗光谱仪目前在南极和到达高地。这些设备能够同时和独立地处理中间层和热层中的这两项调查。这些仪器能够分辨中间层高度的纬向波数结构，同时收集热层中性风观测数据。除了风的运动，中性大气动力温度可以同时观察。后者的测量提供了另一个强大的工具，以了解在非常高的纬度上层大气的行为和属性。极地高层大气学已成为CEDAR大气界解决全球气候变化影响及其影响的四项举措之一。

The study and determination of the latitudinal extent of the high-latitude zonal wavenumber one character mesospheric waves recently discovered (by the PI and others) near the South Pole are the most compelling and contemporary investigations in the polar aeronomy. These mesospheric waves have not been observed elsewhere, because at lower latitudes the spectrum is much richer in larger zonal wavenumbers of mesospheric waves that are seldom directly measured. As one approaches the very high latitudes near the rotational poles, the higher wavenumber oscillations observed at lower latitudes must either transform into the observed higher latitude wavenumber one oscillations, or else lose their energy to the mean flow and as heat dissipation. A unique opportunity to determine where and how this oscillation wavenumber mode transition region occurs is offered by the combined and simultaneous observation from the combined and presently-existing ground-based sites at South Pole and Arrival Heights, in conjunction with the TIMED satellite. This is a unique opportunity for investigating this problem, which is unlikely to happen again in the next ten to fifteen years. These investigations can only be carried out in Antarctica because the defining observations must be made from the rotational pole. Another special problem at high geomagnetic latitudes is the existence of persistent and predictable thermospheric vertical neutral winds, first reported by the PI from the South Pole observations. The existence of these vertical winds, likely to be caused by the divergence of the horizontal wind motions due to ion drag, has profound effects on the energetics of this region of the atmosphere. With the present solar activity maximum, a more complete characterization and investigation of these vertical winds becomes possible, because they are geomagnetic activity dependent. These investigations from South Pole, simultaneously with Arrival Heights and the observations of our Austral Alliance colleagues at Mawson and Davis stations, as well as those with the TIMED satellite will enlarge the geographic and geomagnetic coverage of this neutral vertical wind study. These investigations are possible because of the existing highly versatile ground-based Fabry-Perot spectrometers present at South Pole and Arrival Heights. These devices are able to simultaneously and independently address both of these investigations in the mesosphere and thermosphere. The instruments are capable of resolving the zonal wavenumber structure at mesospheric heights while, at the same time, gathering thermospheric neutral wind observations. In addition to the wind motion, the neutral atmosphere kinetic temperatures can simultaneously be observed. These latter measurements provide another powerful tool to understand the behavior and properties of the upper atmosphere at the very high latitudes. The polar aeronomy has become one of the four initiatives in the CEDAR atmospheric community addressing the Global Climate Change effects and their implications.