Collaborative Research: The Processing and Radiative Properties of Aerosols over the Western North Atlantic Ocean at Bermuda

该项目的主要目标是：1）描述控制北大西洋西部近地面气溶胶，包括元素和有机碳（EC/OC）的化学、物理和光学特性的主要过程; 2）量化气溶胶浓度和通量的长期趋势，并评估其对气候强迫的影响;和3）为（a）建模界提供数据并与之合作，以开发气溶胶直接气候强迫的可靠预测能力，以及（B）遥感界，以提高用于检索大气和海洋的算法的准确性信息。 每天将在百慕大对超微米和亚微米直径的气溶胶进行采样，并分析EC/OC、光谱分辨吸收、主要有机和无机离子以及矿物气溶胶质量。 气溶胶光散射将连续测量，湿沉积通量的主要离子和EC/OC将被量化。 将与美国航天局合作，连续测量气溶胶后向散射、消光和云高的剖面。 将计算三维返回轨迹，并将其聚类为特征传输机制。 数据将被纳入气溶胶化学、物理和光学特性的气候学中，作为传输机制的函数，并将对长期趋势进行评估。 将结合从卫星获得的湿度和气溶胶光学深度场和红外云场对代表主要系统的个别情况进行解释，这一努力将加强预测气溶胶成分变化对辐射转移的影响，进而对气象学和气候的影响的努力。 更广泛的影响还包括对本科生和研究生进行大气化学和物理学方面的培训。

The primary objectives of this project are: 1) To characterize major processes controlling the chemical, physical, and optical properties of near-surface aerosols, including elemental and organic carbon (EC/OC), over the western North Atlantic Ocean; 2) To quantify long-term trends in aerosol concentrations and fluxes and assess their influences on climate forcing; and 3) To provide data for and to collaborate with (a) the modeling community to develop reliable predictive capabilities for direct climate forcing by aerosols and (b) the remote sensing community to improve the accuracy of algorithms used to retrieve atmospheric and oceanic information. Super- and sub-micron diameter aerosols will be sampled daily at Bermuda and analyzed for EC/OC, spectrally resolved absorption, major organic and inorganic ions, and mineral aerosol mass. Aerosol light scattering will be measured continuously, and wet-deposition fluxes of major ions and EC/OC will be quantified. In collaboration with NASA, profiles of aerosol backscatter, extinction, and cloud height will be measured continuously. Three-dimensional back trajectories will be calculated and clustered into characteristic transport regimes. Data will be integrated into climatologies of aerosol chemical, physical, and optical properties as a function of transport regime, and long-term trends will be evaluated. Individual cases representative of major regimes will be interpreted in conjunction with satellite-derived humidity and aerosol optical depth fields and infrared (IR) cloud fields.This effort will enhance efforts to predict the influence of changing aerosol composition on radiative transfer and, in turn, on meteorology and climate. Broader impacts also include training of undergraduate and graduate students in atmospheric chemistry and physics.