Purchase of a Powder X-Ray Diffractometer

购买粉末X射线衍射仪

• 批准号: 0541812
• 负责人: Vartkess Apkarian
• 金额: $ 27.64万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-02-15 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0541812&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Purchase; Powder; Ray; Diffractometer

With support from the Chemistry Research Instrumentation and Facilities-Departmental Multiuser Instrument Acquisition (CRIF-MU) Program, the Department of Chemistry at the University of California in Irvine will acquire a powder X-ray diffractometer (powder XRD). This instrument will enable research in the following areas: a) expanding reduction chemistry via the f orbital metals; b) design of new polymeric materials at the interfaces with biology and catalysis; c) characterization of local order in protein nanocrystals and fibers; d) cadmium sulfide-selenide nanowires for fast photoconductive switches and chemical sensing; and e) polymer synthesis: the polyhomologation reaction. The X-ray diffractometer allows accurate and precise measurements of the full three dimensional structure of a molecule, including bond distances and angles, and it provides accurate information about the spatial arrangement of the molecule relative to the neighboring molecules. The synthesis of materials having an extended structure, such as polymers, inorganic solids, or gels, often yields a polycrystalline or phase-impure powder. Powder XRD is the most powerful tool available for the structural characterization of such products. Powder XRD pattern can elucidate the structure and relative abundance of the crystalline phases present, it can expose the existence of preferred crystalline orientation of a film of a material relative to a crystalline substrate surface, and the XRD linewidth can provide an estimate of the mean crystallite (or grain) diameter. In addition, the structure of extremely thin films (100 nm) of materials can be investigated by powder-XRD whereas such films cannot be probed by single-crystal XRD. These studies will have an impact in a number of areas, especially synthetic chemistry.

在化学研究仪器和设施 - 部门多源仪器采集（CRIF-MU）计划的支持下，加利福尼亚大学尔湾分校的化学系将获得粉末X射线衍射仪（粉末XRD）。该仪器将在以下领域进行研究：a）通过F轨道金属扩大还原化学； b）在生物学和催化的界面上设计新的聚合物材料； c）蛋白质纳米晶体和纤维中局部顺序的表征； d）用于快速光电开关和化学传感的硫化岩硫化物纳米线；和e）聚合物合成：多聚体反应。 X射线衍射仪可以准确，精确地测量分子的整个三维结构，包括键距离和角度，并提供有关该分子相对于相邻分子的空间排列的准确信息。具有扩展结构的材料的合成，例如聚合物，无机固体或凝胶，通常会产生多晶或相位障碍粉。粉末XRD是最强大的工具，可用于此类产品的结构表征。粉末XRD模式可以阐明存在的晶相的结构和相对丰度，它可以揭示相对于晶体底物表面的材料膜的首选晶体取向的存在，并且XRD线宽可以提供平均晶体（或晶粒）映射的估计。另外，可以通过粉末-XRD研究极其薄膜（100 nm）材料的结构，而单晶XRD不能探测这些膜的结构。这些研究将在许多领域，尤其是合成化学方面产生影响。