Urgent replacement of a powder X-ray diffractometer for multidisciplinary geoscience research

紧急更换粉末 X 射线衍射仪用于多学科地球科学研究

• 批准号: RTI-2021-00299
• 负责人: McDonald, Andrew
• 金额: $ 9.76万
• 依托单位: Laurentian University of Sudbury
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=718073
• 关键词: Urgent; replacement; powder; ray; diffractometer

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is one of the most basic techniques used in the analysis crystalline solids, including minerals. The wavelength of X-ray radiation used corresponds to spacings between planes of atoms, meaning information on bonding types, chemical composition, ordering, etc., can all be derived from analyzing the pattern produced through the diffraction of incident X-rays. Since the chemistry and atomic structure of crystalline materials are in many ways unique, the X-ray diffraction patterns they produce are equally unique, meaning that powder X-ray PXRD can be a powerful tool in fingerprinting the materials being analyzed. In the geosciences, analyses are made of rocks, both primary and those modified (altered) through time, the latter resulting from changes in pressure, temperature, chemistry, etc. The broad goal of research using PXRD is to better understand how geological environments of rocks and the minerals they contain, have evolved through time, thus providing insights into the history of our planet. Data from PXRD analyses also provide clues to understanding how ore systems develop and how they can be explored for, primarily by documenting the mineral types present (e.g., sulfide ores), but also by the minerals that characterize the styles of alteration associated with various ore systems. Further, PXRD can be considered essential to the remediation of mining environments after the cessation of operations, as the secondary minerals present reflect relative conditions of alteration, but also the data can be used to develop effective methods of mitigating mine effluent. The application of PXRD in geoscience research involves identifying the minerals present along with their modal abundances, this combination providing the data needed to address how geological environments evolve through time; quantifying these features will expand our knowledge as to how geological evolution occurs, but equally, why and where specific geological environments develop, including where mineral ores occur. Funds are being requested to replace a dated, obsolete PXRD system that will have the capacity to analyze rock samples in the bulk form, but also small quantities of materials of alteration minerals (coatings, fine-grained minerals). This combination will provide access to a broad range of users in the geosciences conducting research into geological environments from a variety of perspectives: Earth's early history, the mineralogy of ore deposits, alteration studies directed at mineral exploration and the remediation of mine-related wastes. Mining and mineral exploration represent a major component of Canada's gross-domestic product and the requested instrumentation will play a key role in continuing to support research programs that are critical to ensuring Canada remains a strong player on the international stage when it comes mining and mineral exploration.

粉末X射线衍射（PXRD）是用于分析晶体固体（包括矿物）的最基本技术之一。 所使用的X射线辐射的波长对应于原子平面之间的间距，这意味着关于键合类型、化学组成、排序等的信息，都可以通过分析入射X射线衍射产生的图案来得出。由于晶体材料的化学和原子结构在许多方面都是独特的，因此它们产生的X射线衍射图案也同样独特，这意味着粉末X射线PXRD可以成为分析材料指纹的强大工具。 在地球科学中，分析是由岩石，无论是原始的和那些修改（改变）通过时间，后者产生的压力，温度，化学等的研究使用PXRD的广泛目标是更好地了解如何岩石的地质环境和矿物，他们包含，随着时间的推移，从而提供洞察我们星球的历史。 来自PXRD分析的数据还提供了了解矿石系统如何发展以及如何勘探的线索，主要是通过记录存在的矿物类型（例如，硫化物矿石），但也由矿物表征的蚀变类型与各种矿石系统。 此外，PXRD可以被认为是在停止运营后修复采矿环境所必需的，因为存在的次生矿物反映了相对的蚀变条件，而且数据可以用于开发减轻矿山废水的有效方法。 PXRD在地球科学研究中的应用涉及识别矿物存在沿着其模态丰度，这种组合提供了解决地质环境如何随时间演变所需的数据;量化这些特征将扩大我们对地质演化如何发生的知识，但同样，为什么以及在哪里特定的地质环境发展，包括矿石的出现。 正在申请资金，以更换一个过时的PXRD系统，该系统将有能力分析散装岩石样品，但也有能力分析少量蚀变矿物材料（涂层、细粒矿物）。 这一合并将使地球科学领域的广大用户能够从各种角度对地质环境进行研究：地球的早期历史、矿床的矿物学、针对矿物勘探的蚀变研究以及与采矿有关的废物的补救。 采矿和矿产勘探是加拿大国内生产总值的主要组成部分，所要求的仪器将在继续支持研究计划方面发挥关键作用，这些研究计划对于确保加拿大在采矿和矿产勘探方面在国际舞台上保持强势地位至关重要。