Urgent replacement of a powder X-ray diffractometer for multidisciplinary geoscience research

紧急更换粉末 X 射线衍射仪用于多学科地球科学研究

• 批准号: RTI-2021-00299
• 负责人: McDonald, Andrew
• 金额: $ 9.76万
• 依托单位: Laurentian University of Sudbury
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Research Tools and Instruments
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2020-01-01 至 2021-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=718073
• 关键词: Urgent; replacement; powder; ray; diffractometer

Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) is one of the most basic techniques used in the analysis crystalline solids, including minerals. The wavelength of X-ray radiation used corresponds to spacings between planes of atoms, meaning information on bonding types, chemical composition, ordering, etc., can all be derived from analyzing the pattern produced through the diffraction of incident X-rays. Since the chemistry and atomic structure of crystalline materials are in many ways unique, the X-ray diffraction patterns they produce are equally unique, meaning that powder X-ray PXRD can be a powerful tool in fingerprinting the materials being analyzed. In the geosciences, analyses are made of rocks, both primary and those modified (altered) through time, the latter resulting from changes in pressure, temperature, chemistry, etc. The broad goal of research using PXRD is to better understand how geological environments of rocks and the minerals they contain, have evolved through time, thus providing insights into the history of our planet. Data from PXRD analyses also provide clues to understanding how ore systems develop and how they can be explored for, primarily by documenting the mineral types present (e.g., sulfide ores), but also by the minerals that characterize the styles of alteration associated with various ore systems. Further, PXRD can be considered essential to the remediation of mining environments after the cessation of operations, as the secondary minerals present reflect relative conditions of alteration, but also the data can be used to develop effective methods of mitigating mine effluent. The application of PXRD in geoscience research involves identifying the minerals present along with their modal abundances, this combination providing the data needed to address how geological environments evolve through time; quantifying these features will expand our knowledge as to how geological evolution occurs, but equally, why and where specific geological environments develop, including where mineral ores occur. Funds are being requested to replace a dated, obsolete PXRD system that will have the capacity to analyze rock samples in the bulk form, but also small quantities of materials of alteration minerals (coatings, fine-grained minerals). This combination will provide access to a broad range of users in the geosciences conducting research into geological environments from a variety of perspectives: Earth's early history, the mineralogy of ore deposits, alteration studies directed at mineral exploration and the remediation of mine-related wastes. Mining and mineral exploration represent a major component of Canada's gross-domestic product and the requested instrumentation will play a key role in continuing to support research programs that are critical to ensuring Canada remains a strong player on the international stage when it comes mining and mineral exploration.

粉末X射线衍射（PXRD）是分析晶体固体（包括矿物质）中最基本的技术之一。 所使用的X射线辐射的波长对应于原子平面之间的间距，这意味着有关键合类型，化学成分，排序等的信息，都可以从分析通过入射X射线的衍射产生的模式得出。由于晶体材料的化学和原子结构在许多方面都是独特的，因此它们产生的X射线衍射模式同样是独一无二的，这意味着粉末X射线PXRD可以成为指纹分析材料的强大工具。 在地球科学中，分析是由岩石和随着时间的变化（变化）进行的岩石进行的，后者是由压力，温度，化学等变化所产生的。使用PXRD进行研究的广泛目标是更好地了解岩石和矿物的地质环境，如何通过时间发展，从而为我们的星球提供洞察力。 来自PXRD分析的数据还为了解矿石系统的开发方式以及如何探索它们提供了线索，主要是通过记录存在的矿物类型（例如硫化物矿石），也是通过表征与各种矿石系统相关的变更风格的矿物质。 此外，停止操作后，PXRD可以被认为是对采矿环境的修复至关重要的，因为存在的二级矿物反映了相对的变化条件，但也可以使用数据来开发有效的方法来减轻矿山流出物。 PXRD在地球科学研究中的应用涉及识别存在的矿物以及它们的模态丰度，这种组合提供了解决地质环境如何随着时间流逝的发展所需的数据；量化这些特征将扩大我们对地质进化的发生方式的知识，但同样，为什么以及特定地质环境（包括矿产矿石发生的位置）。 要求资金替换一个过时的过时的PXRD系统，该系统将有能力以散装形式分析岩石样品，但也有少量的改变矿物质材料（涂料，细粒矿物质）。 这种组合将在地球科学中提供广泛的用户访问，从各种角度进行地质环境研究：地球的早期历史，矿床的矿物质学，针对矿物质勘探的变更研究以及对矿山相关的废物的修复。 采矿和矿产勘探是加拿大总部居住产品的主要组成部分，所要求的仪器将在继续支持研究计划方面发挥关键作用，这些研究计划对于确保加拿大在矿业和矿产探索时仍然是国际舞台上的强大参与者。