Collaborative Research: Science of Learning Center: Visual Language and Visual Learning (VL2)

合作研究：学习科学中心：视觉语言和视觉学习（VL2）

• 批准号: 0541953
• 负责人: Thomas Allen
• 金额: $ 1301.01万
• 依托单位: Gallaudet University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Cooperative Agreement
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0541953&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Science; Learning; Center

The Science of Learning Center on Visual Language and Visual Learning (VL2) at Gallaudet University brings together deaf and hearing researchers and educators from a variety of settings. The Center advances the science of learning by investigating how humans acquire and use language and develop literacy when audition is not an available mode for learning. Scientists from different disciplines explore collaboratively how deaf individuals learn to read and investigate how visually based learning strategies can be extended to general educational practice. Current theories on language acquisition and literacy development assume a central role for speech and audition. The role of visual learning in this process has been neglected, yet deaf people effortlessly acquire visual languages (signed language) and are able to learn how to read and write fluently. The activities of VL2 seek to explicate how these activities occur.Gallaudet University, under the leadership of Dr. Thomas Allen, is the hub of VL2. Gallaudet has instructed deaf students using visual language since it was founded in 1864. Gallaudet has on its faculty the largest number of deaf scholars working in different disciplines and produces the largest number of deaf PhDs relative to any other institution. Its teacher-training program prepares teachers for working in visually-based classrooms. Drs. Guinevere Eden (Georgetown U) and David Corina (U of California, Davis) serve as Science Directors for VL2. Dr. Eden's prior work has focused on characterizing visual processing in individuals with and without dyslexia using fMRI and extending this approach to other sensory domains. Dr. Corina's research has focused on understanding the neural bases of higher cognitive function, specifically language and memory, and he has conducted numerous studies that compare language processing in deaf users of American Sign Language and hearing users of spoken language. Partnerships among Gallaudet University and three Centers contribute to its success: The Center for Functional and Molecular Imaging at Georgetown University, the Computational Biomedicine Imaging and Modeling Lab at Rutgers University, and the Center for ASL-English Bilingual Education and Research, a network of schools and teacher training activities. VL2 researchers and partners are organized around three disciplinary perspectives: 1. Language and the Brain seeks to understand underlying neurological mechanisms of visual languages; 2. Language Structure and the Visual Modality focuses on studies of language structure and cognitive processing for a wide variety of visual symbol systems; and 3. Developmental and Sociocultural Processes of Visual Learning examines learning environments for visual learners in natural settings. Research projects are organized around three research initiatives and are comprised of collaborative teams from multiple disciplinary perspectives: 1. Visual Language Acquisition seeks to chart the course of development for individuals who acquire a visual language as their first language; 2. Literacy Development explicates the varied means by which profoundly deaf individuals may achieve excellence in reading; and 3. Inter-Language and Inter-Modal Language Mapping seeks to understand optimal methods for mapping visual linguistic and visual knowledge domains.VL2 allows deaf scientists to contribute significantly to knowledge about language. Their input to the scientific study of language development, given their own unique linguistic histories, is of inestimable value to the creation of new knowledge. The Center fellowships and assistantships contribute to the training of deaf scholars and scholars from other minority backgrounds to remediate their under-representation among researchers and teachers. The work of international scholars helps establish cross-cultural linguistic and educational principles. Novel paradigms that incorporate a visual basis for reading development and print-literacy are tested and evaluated throughout the Center work, and will lead to the development of educational principles and methods that are well-designed for the needs of visual learners. The collaborative teaming of researchers from a variety of disciplinary perspectives, and a strong connection to networks of teachers and schools help to ensure that VL2 will transform both knowledge and practice.

加拉德特大学的视觉语言和视觉学习的学习科学中心(VL2)汇集了来自不同环境的聋人和听力研究人员和教育工作者。该中心通过调查人类如何获得和使用语言以及在试听不是一种可用的学习模式时培养识字能力来推动学习科学的发展。来自不同学科的科学家合作探索聋人如何学习阅读，并研究如何将基于视觉的学习策略扩展到一般教育实践。当前关于语言习得和识字发展的理论对言语和听力起着核心作用。视觉学习在这一过程中的作用被忽视了，然而聋人却毫不费力地获得了视觉语言(手语)，并能够学习如何流利地读写。VL2的活动试图解释这些活动是如何发生的。在Thomas Allen博士的领导下，加拉代特大学是VL2的枢纽。加拉德特自1864年成立以来，一直使用视觉语言指导聋人学生。加拉德特拥有在不同学科工作的聋人学者人数最多的教员，与其他任何机构相比，培养的聋人博士人数也是最多的。它的教师培训计划为教师在基于视觉的课堂上工作做好准备。Guinevere Eden博士(乔治城大学)和David Corina博士(加州大学戴维斯分校)担任VL2的科学总监。伊登博士之前的工作重点是使用功能磁共振成像来表征患有和不患有阅读障碍的个体的视觉处理过程，并将这种方法扩展到其他感觉领域。科里纳博士的研究重点是了解高级认知功能的神经基础，特别是语言和记忆，他还进行了大量研究，比较了使用美国手语的聋人用户和使用口语的听力用户的语言处理能力。加拉德特大学与乔治城大学功能和分子成像中心、罗格斯大学计算生物医学成像和建模实验室以及ASL-英语双语教育和研究中心(学校和教师培训活动网络)之间的合作伙伴关系促成了该中心的成功。第二语言研究人员和合作伙伴围绕三个学科角度组织：1.语言和大脑试图了解视觉语言的潜在神经机制；2.语言结构和视觉通道侧重于研究各种视觉符号系统的语言结构和认知加工；3.视觉学习的发展和社会文化过程考察视觉学习者在自然环境中的学习环境。研究项目围绕三个研究项目组织，并由多学科视角的合作团队组成：1.视觉语言习得旨在为以视觉语言为第一语言的个人绘制发展历程；2.识字发展阐明了深度聋人在阅读方面取得卓越成就的各种方法；3.语言间和语感间语言映射寻求了解绘制视觉语言和视觉知识领域的最佳方法。VL2允许聋人科学家对语言知识做出重大贡献。鉴于他们自己独特的语言史，他们对语言发展的科学研究的投入对创造新知识具有不可估量的价值。该中心的研究金和助学金有助于培训聋人学者和来自其他少数群体背景的学者，以纠正他们在研究人员和教师中代表性不足的问题。国际学者的工作有助于建立跨文化的语言和教育原则。在该中心的整个工作中，对包含阅读发展和印刷扫盲视觉基础的新范例进行了测试和评估，并将导致制定针对视觉学习者需求而精心设计的教育原则和方法。来自不同学科视角的研究人员的协作协作，以及与教师和学校网络的紧密联系，有助于确保VL2将转变知识和实践。