Social Relationships and Reproductive Strategies of Phayre's Leaf Monkeys

斐尔叶猴的社会关系和繁殖策略

• 批准号: 0542035
• 负责人: Andreas Koenig
• 金额: $ 9.21万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Stony Brook
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-15 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0542035&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Social; Relationships; Reproductive; Strategies; Phayre

Living in permanent social groups with a wide variation in social organization, social structure, and mating systems is characteristic for many nonhuman primates. Correspondingly, many studies have been addressing questions as to why primates live in groups, what determines group size, and what factors influence the social relationships and mating strategies of the individuals. Leaf-eating monkeys are particularly interesting in this regard, because the relationship between ecology, social organization, and social structure is not well understood. Recent research suggests that folivore group size might be limited via scramble competition for food, however, its strength and the importance of dietary fiber as a constraining factor remains to be disclosed. Furthermore, despotic female social relationships found in some (folivorous) species, in which females leave their natal group, are in disagreement with current models. Finally, in many primate species male social relationships are strongly antagonistic and guided by mate competition. The occurrence of male policing and strong male bonds are, however, poorly understood.This study aims to address these controversies by observing Phayre's leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus phayrei) to evaluate hypotheses on (i) constraints of group size in a folivorous primate, (ii) the ecology of female social relationships in a female dispersal species with despotic dominance relationships, and (iii) the behavior of males in terms of male policing and male affiliation. Research will be conducted at Phu Khieo Wildlife Sanctuary, Northeastern Thailand. Koenig and colleagues will collect extensive data on resource characteristics, female social relationships, male affiliative and agonistic behavior, estimates of energy intake and activity for individuals in several groups. Koenig will investigate the energetic consequences of increasing group size as well as the underlying mechanisms in terms of day range, feeding time, and fiber content. The PI will analyze the interrelations of energetic consequences of feeding competition with female social behavior. The PI will examine the influence of male interventions on female conflicts and relationships. Finally, Koenig will examine male care and male affiliation in order to address questions related to paternity, mating effort, and the formation/ maintenance of coalitions.This long-term project has had and will have broader impacts in several regards. It is based on collaboration with sanctuary authorities and two Thai Universities providing training and research opportunities for sanctuary personnel and Thai graduate students. In addition, the project is providing training, career, and research opportunities for post-doctoral fellows and graduate students. The study, furthermore, involves recent university graduates who use the experience gained in the project to later go on to graduate school. The PI and the Co-PI have established a training program on primate ecology and conservation geared towards Thai forest research officers, lecturers, and graduate students. Finally, the project provides data on forest composition, phenology, and animal abundance to the local conservation project to be used in an overall database of the sanctuary, part of the only major forest area left in the northeast of Thailand.

生活在永久的社会群体中，在社会组织、社会结构和交配系统上有很大的差异，这是许多非人类灵长类动物的特征。相应地，许多研究一直在解决这样的问题：为什么灵长类动物生活在群体中，是什么决定了群体的规模，是什么因素影响了个体的社会关系和交配策略。在这方面，食叶猴特别有趣，因为生态、社会组织和社会结构之间的关系还没有得到很好的理解。最近的研究表明，folivore群体的大小可能通过争夺食物而受到限制，然而，其强度和膳食纤维作为限制因素的重要性仍有待揭示。此外，在一些（folivorous）物种中发现的专横的雌性社会关系，雌性离开它们的出生群体，与当前的模型不一致。最后，在许多灵长类物种中，雄性社会关系是强烈对抗的，并以配偶竞争为导向。然而，人们对男性警察和强大的男性纽带的出现知之甚少。本研究旨在通过观察Phayre叶猴（Trachypithecus phayrei）来解决这些争议，以评估以下假设：(i)叶食性灵长类动物群体规模的约束，（ii）具有专制优势关系的雌性分散物种中雌性社会关系的生态学，以及（iii）雄性在雄性治安和雄性隶属关系方面的行为。研究将在泰国东北部的Phu Khieo野生动物保护区进行。Koenig和他的同事们将收集大量的数据，包括资源特征、女性社会关系、男性从属和对抗行为、对几个群体中个体能量摄入和活动的估计。Koenig将研究增加群体规模对能量的影响，以及在日活动范围、摄食时间和纤维含量方面的潜在机制。PI将分析喂养竞争的能量后果与女性社会行为的相互关系。PI将审查男性干预对女性冲突和关系的影响。最后，柯尼格将研究男性关怀和男性从属关系，以解决与父权、交配努力和联盟的形成/维持有关的问题。这个长期项目已经并将在几个方面产生更广泛的影响。它的基础是与避难所当局和两所泰国大学合作，为避难所工作人员和泰国研究生提供培训和研究机会。此外，该项目还为博士后和研究生提供培训、就业和研究机会。此外，这项研究还涉及了最近的大学毕业生，他们利用在项目中获得的经验，随后继续读研究生。PI和Co-PI已经建立了一个针对泰国森林研究官员、讲师和研究生的灵长类动物生态学和保护培训计划。最后，该项目为当地保护项目提供有关森林组成、物候和动物数量的数据，这些数据将用于该保护区的整体数据库，该保护区是泰国东北部仅存的主要森林地区的一部分。