Analysis of relationships between food conditions and reproductive parameters in the Japanese serow (Capricornis crispus) for its conservation

我在青森县的下下县(海拔0-240米)、山形县的朝日(500-1100米)和长野县的神知县(1500-2000米)三个研究区域进行了一项调查，以考察日本凤凰成年雌性的种群密度、领土大小、冬季食物的数量和质量与繁殖成功的关系。平均种群密度下下县为14.2只/km2，朝日为7.4只/km2，神知县为1.6只/km2。雌性成虫的年平均领地面积下下岛为10.5公顷，朝日为29.8公顷，神户为49.8公顷。我通过记录哪些成年雌鸟生育，以及哪些越冬的幼崽存活到5月份来确定繁殖是否成功。平均繁殖成功率下下县为38.1%，朝日为29.6%，神知县为15.8%。为了评估冬季的食物质量，我定义了每10m(×1m)宽的雪面上的食用树树干在雪面上的总断面积(mm^2)作为食物可获得性指数(FAI)。下下县的FAI为1871.4，朝日为1236.2，神户为869.8。我通过在雪地上每10米(×1米宽)发现新的锯齿痕迹在树木上发现的锯齿咬伤来定义新鲜摄食迹象的数量为摄食效率(FE)。FE值下下县为59.1，朝日为38.2，神知县为10.4。研究发现，区域大小与种群密度之间、FAI与FE之间、FAI与区域大小之间、FAI与繁殖成功率之间存在相关关系。这些结果表明，在较好的食物供应的支持下，小范围的范围和高的繁殖成功率导致了下下的种群密度高，那里的海拔低，气候条件温和，而神户是亚高山地区，冬季气候条件恶劣。

I conducted a survey to examine relationships among population density, territory size, winter food quantity and quality, and reproductive success for adult females in the Japanese serow, Capricornis crispus, in three study areas : Shimokita (0-240 m above sea level) in Aomori Prefecture, Asahi (500-1100 m) in Yamagata Prefecture, and Kamikochi (1500-2000 m) in Nagano Prefecture. Mean population densities were 14.2 individuals/km^2 at Shimokita, 7.4 /km^2 at Asahi, and 1.6 /km^2 at Kamikochi. Mean annual territory sizes for adult females were 10.5 ha at Shimokita, 29.8 ha at Asahi, and 49.8 ha at Kamikochi. I determined reproductive success by noting which adult females gave birth, and whose overwintering kids survived until May. Mean reproductive success was 38.1% at Shimokita, 29.6% at Asahi, and 15.8% at Kamikochi. To assess winter food quantity, I defined the total basal area (mm^2) at snow surface of trunks of edible trees along new serow traces per 10 m (× 1 m width) on the snow as the food availability index (FAI). The FAI was 1871.4 at Shimokita, 1236.2 at Asahi, and 869.8 at Kamikochi. I defined the number of fresh feeding signs by serow bites on trees found along new serow traces per 10 m (× 1 m width) on the snow as feeding efficiency (FE). The FE value was 59.1 at Shimokita, 38.2 at Asahi, and 10.4 at Kamikochi. I found correlations between territory size and population density, between FAI and FE, between FAI and territory size, and between FAI and reproductive success. These results suggest that a small range size and high reproductive success, which are supported by better food supply, result in a high population density at Shimokita, where the elevation is low and the climatic conditions milder, whereas Kamikochi is a subalpine area with severe winter climatic conditions.