Coordination of Ventilation and Feeding in Sharks

鲨鱼的通风和进食的协调

• 批准号: 0542177
• 负责人: Cheryl Wilga
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Rhode Island
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-01 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0542177&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Coordination; Ventilation; Feeding; Sharks

Coordination of Ventilation and Feeding In SharksCheryl A. D. WilgaUniversity Of Rhode IslandThis research will investigate the coordination of breathing and feeding in sharks, two behaviors that are critical to individual survival. A major topic of interest in functional and evolutionary biology is the effect that anatomy has on the ability of an organism to perform a certain task. Not only does the anatomical shape of the head influence the way that a particular shark breathes and thus what habitats it can inhabit, but it plays a major role in determining the kinds of prey that can be captured and ingested. Head movements, muscle activity and pressure generation will be analyzed to address functional hypotheses about the how the breathing mechanism is altered between resting and feeding. This study will provide a quantitative measure of how the type of breathing mechanism (ram or suction) that a shark species uses is coordinated with the mechanism of capturing prey. This research will increase our knowledge of feeding mechanisms in vertebrates by evaluating the ability to decouple control of the right and left sides of the jaws in order to increase the versatility of the feeding apparatus in the most ancestral living species with jaws - sharks. Asynchronous activation of the jaws suggests that the jaw muscles have independent neural control for greater manipulation of the prey during feeding. If sharks posses bilaterally asynchronous muscle activation as well, then the trait is an ancestral feature in vertebrates. This research will also increase our knowledge of the ability of a feeding generalist and specialist fish species to modulate feeding behavior, which has long been of interest to vertebrate functional anatomists and ecologists. This research will increase our understanding of feeding relationships in two cohabitating shark species, which will provide the basis for a broader study on the ecology of a community of sharks, skates and rays in Narragansett Bay, RI. Two female graduate students and four to six undergraduate students, with preference given to underrepresented groups, will be mentored in the techniques of this research at every level for the duration of the grant. Students in associated classes will also benefit by this research through experiential learning. This research on breathing expands on previous research in feeding by the study of a new behavior that must evolve to function both independently of, and cooperatively with, other behaviors critical to the life history of the shark. The results of this research will be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific and technological understanding. Two educational displays will also be prepared to be placed near the shark habitat at Save the Bay and Mystic Aquarium to increase public awareness about these rapidly disappearing animals.

鲨鱼呼吸和进食的协调罗德岛大学谢丽尔·A·D·威尔加这项研究将调查鲨鱼呼吸和进食的协调，这两种行为对个体生存至关重要。功能和进化生​​物学感兴趣的一个主要主题是解剖学对生物体执行特定任务的能力的影响。头部的解剖形状不仅影响特定鲨鱼的呼吸方式及其栖息地，而且在确定可捕获和摄入的猎物种类方面也发挥着重要作用。将分析头部运动、肌肉活动和压力产生，以解决有关呼吸机制在休息和进食之间如何改变的功能假设。这项研究将定量测量鲨鱼物种使用的呼吸机制（冲力或吸力）类型如何与捕获猎物的机制相协调。这项研究将通过评估下颌左右两侧的解耦控制能力，增加我们对脊椎动物摄食机制的了解，以提高最古老的有颌生物物种——鲨鱼的摄食装置的多功能性。颌部的异步激活表明颌部肌肉具有独立的神经控制，可以在进食过程中更好地操纵猎物。如果鲨鱼也具有双侧异步肌肉激活，那么该特征就是脊椎动物的祖先特征。这项研究还将增加我们对摄食通才和专业鱼类调节摄食行为能力的了解，这长期以来一直是脊椎动物功能解剖学家和生态学家的兴趣。这项研究将增进我们对两种同居鲨鱼物种的摄食关系的了解，这将为对罗德岛州纳拉甘西特湾的鲨鱼、鳐鱼和鳐鱼群落的生态学进行更广泛的研究奠定基础。两名女研究生和四到六名本科生（优先考虑代表性不足的群体）将在资助期间在各个级别接受本研究技术的指导。相关课程的学生也将通过体验式学习从这项研究中受益。这项关于呼吸的研究扩展了之前的进食研究，研究了一种新的行为，这种行为必须进化成既独立于对鲨鱼生命史至关重要的其他行为，又与其他行为合作。这项研究的成果将得到广泛传播，以增进科学和技术的理解。拯救海湾和神秘水族馆的鲨鱼栖息地附近还将准备两个教育展览，以提高公众对这些迅速消失的动物的认识。