Collaborative Proposal: Effects of Speed and Body Size on the Partitioning of Energy use among the Locomotor Muscles in Bipedal Running.

合作提案：速度和体型对双足跑步中运动肌肉能量使用分配的影响。

• 批准号: 0542710
• 负责人: Donald Hoyt
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Cal Poly Pomona Foundation, Inc.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-03-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0542710&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Proposal; Effects; Speed; Body

Collaborative Research: Effects of speed and body size on the partitioning of energy use among the locomotor muscles in bipedal runningRichard L. Marsh and Steven WicklerNortheastern University and Cal State Poly University PomonaVariation in locomotor mechanics and energetics with speed and body size has had a prominent role in formulating hypotheses regarding the determinants of the economy of running and walking. However, past studies have been hampered by not knowing how the metabolic energy use by the animal is partitioned among the individual muscles that are active during locomotion. The proposed work will use muscle blood flow to estimate the energy use by all the muscles used during walking and running in bipedal birds of different size. The energy consumption by individual muscles will be related to several aspects of the biomechanics to test hypotheses about how the mechanics and energetics are related, including the partitioning of energy use between swing and stance, the cost of force production by the muscles, and storage of energy in elastic tendons. The researchers predict that this work will have a substantial impact on understanding of the mechanics and energetics of walking and running in animals and humans. The proposed studies should contribute important data that can be used to modify existing models of the energetics of legged locomotion, or to formulate new models. Because the economy and basic mechanics of legged locomotion appear to share many features across a diverse array of animals, including humans, the results of this project are expected to be broadly applicable. In addition to improving our understanding of the biomechanics and energetics of walking and running, the results of this project will have potential implications for human health. Generalization is possible because animal and human locomotion share the same fundamental biomechanical problems and constraints. Because many types of invasive studies cannot be done on humans, the function of muscles in human locomotion is often predicted based on models using externally observable movements and forces measured in human locomotion combined with information from animal studies defining the basic properties of the locomotor system. This study should provide a significant benchmark for testing the validity of the types of models used in human studies. Because these models are also used to develop rehabilitative strategies for individuals with compromised locomotor function, information that results in improving the models has the potential to improve these strategies. The records of the two institutions collaborating on this project also indicate that the funding will have a significant positive impact on the scientific training of women and minority graduate and undergraduate students.

合作研究：速度和体型对两足运动中运动肌肉能量消耗分配的影响东北大学和加州州立理工大学的研究人员在制定关于跑步和步行经济性决定因素的假设时，运动力学和能量学与速度和体型的变化起着重要作用。然而，过去的研究一直受到阻碍，因为不知道动物的代谢能量是如何在运动中活跃的单个肌肉中分配的。拟议的工作将使用肌肉血流量来估计不同大小的两足鸟类在行走和跑步时使用的所有肌肉的能量消耗。单个肌肉的能量消耗将与生物力学的几个方面有关，以测试力学和能量学如何相关的假设，包括摇摆和站立之间的能量使用分配，肌肉产生力量的成本，以及弹性肌腱中的能量储存。研究人员预测，这项工作将对理解动物和人类行走和跑步的力学和能量学产生重大影响。提出的研究应提供重要的数据，可用于修改现有的腿部运动能量学模型，或制定新的模型。由于腿部运动的经济性和基本机制似乎在包括人类在内的各种动物中具有许多共同的特征，因此该项目的结果有望广泛适用。除了提高我们对步行和跑步的生物力学和能量学的理解之外，这个项目的结果将对人类健康产生潜在的影响。泛化是可能的，因为动物和人类的运动有相同的基本生物力学问题和限制。由于许多类型的侵入性研究不能在人类身上进行，因此人类运动中的肌肉功能通常是基于使用外部可观察的运动和在人类运动中测量的力的模型，并结合从动物研究中定义运动系统基本特性的信息来预测的。这项研究应该为测试人体研究中使用的模型类型的有效性提供一个重要的基准。由于这些模型也用于制定运动功能受损个体的康复策略，因此改进模型的信息有可能改善这些策略。在这个项目上合作的两个机构的记录也表明，这笔资金将对妇女和少数民族研究生和本科生的科学培训产生重大的积极影响。