Constraining Geological and Macroevolutionary Patterns and Processes during the Phanerozoic

显生宙地质和宏观演化模式与过程的约束岩石记录包含了多种自然资源，是许多地球科学信息的主要来源；它也是一个复杂的时空马赛克，由一系列不同的构造和气候过程构成。理解和量化岩石记录的精细时空结构是重要的，主要有两个原因。首先，严格的量化将揭示控制岩体形成和破坏的过程如何随时间变化的详细信息。其次，对岩石记录进行量化，将有可能克服地球历史的不连续和非随机保存的偏倚效应。这一建议发展了一种新的基于过程的方法来量化岩石记录，该方法基于一个简单的原则：在一个特定的地理位置，整个地质记录由在任何给定的时间分辨率尺度下连续形成的间隙绑定的岩石包组成。因此，编制间隙绑定包的时间范围和岩性特征，可以快速准确地量化地质记录，从而捕捉关键的环境和地质动态。所提议的研究的具体目标是：1)提高美国一个综合数据库的时间和环境分辨率，该数据库已经由PI从北美地层单元的对比中初步编制，2)扩展该数据库，以包括加拿大整个地质记录的可比数据；3)利用美国国家科学基金会资助的古生物数据库（PBDB: http://paleodb.org）和地理信息系统技术，将超过24万个北美化石事件直接映射到岩石记录的时空结构中；4)为研究人员、学生和公众提供一个新的、全面的地质数据库，该数据库可以通过任何开放标准兼容的网络浏览器通过万维网进行搜索。这些研究目标的主要科学目标包括：1)严格量化环境变化的历史，就像北美的沉积岩记录所记录的那样，在海洋和陆地领域；2)量化沉积岩记录的环境变化背景下特定栖息地的动物进化历史；3)区分两种不同的假设，这些假设与岩石和化石记录之间所记录的大量数量相似性相一致。从而加深了我们对过去5.42亿年间导致动物类群起源和灭绝的地质和环境因素的理解。

Constraining Geological and MacroevolutionaryPatterns and Processes during the PhanerozoicShanan Peters, University of MichiganEAR-0544941ABSTRACTThe rock record contains a diverse array of natural resources and is the primary source of information for much of the geosciences; it is also a complex spatio-temporal mosaic that is structured by a diverse array of tectonic and climatic processes. Understanding and quantifying the fine-scale temporal and spatial architecture of the rock record is important for two primary reasons. First, rigorous quantification will reveal detailed information about how the processes that govern the formation and destruction of rock bodies have changed over time. Second, quantifying the rock record will make it possible to overcome the biasing effects of discontinuous and non-random preservation of earth history.This proposal develops a new process-based approach to quantifying the rock record that is grounded on one simple principle: at a particular geographic location, the entire geologic record consists of gap-bound packages of rock that formed continuously at any given scale of temporal resolution. Thus, compiling the temporal ranges and lithological characteristics of gap-bound packages allows the geologic record to be rapidly and precisely quantified in a way that captures critical environmental and geological dynamics.The specific objectives of the proposed research are to 1) enhance the temporal and environmental resolution of a comprehensive database of gap-bound rock packages in the U.S.A. that has already been preliminarily compiled from the Correlation of Stratigraphic Units of North America by the PI, 2) expand this database to include comparable data for the entire geologic record of Canada, 3) map more than 240,000 North American fossil occurrences directly into the temporal and spatial structure of the rock record using the NSF-funded Paleobiology Database (PBDB: http://paleodb.org) and GIS technology, and 4) make available to researchers, students, and the general public a new and comprehensive geologic database that is searchable via the world wide web using any open standards-compliant web browser. The primary scientific goals of these research objectives include: 1) rigorously quantifying the history of environmental change, as recorded by the sedimentary rock record of North America, in both the marine and terrestrial realms, 2) quantifying the habitat-specific history of animal evolution within the context of environmental changes recorded by sedimentary rocks, and 3) distinguishing between two alternative hypotheses that are consistent with the numerous quantitative similarities that have been documented between the rock and fossil records, thereby enhancing our understanding of the geologic and environmental factors that have contributed to the origination and extinction of animal taxa over the past 542 million years.