CAREER: Lean and Green - High Performance Processes for High Performance Buildings

项目摘要本职业计划将研究环境可持续或绿色建筑的项目交付（采购、设计和施工）过程，以开发高性能交付过程模型。受汽车行业在精益生产方面取得的成功以及为增强可持续建筑而进行流程改进的机会的启发，一项实证研究将调查绿色建筑项目中的价值是如何创造和浪费的。在汽车行业，精益流程使车辆性能取得了巨大进步，建筑、工程和建筑（AEC）行业也取得了类似的进步。主要的技术进步并不是推动汽车行业进步的动力;相反，汽车制造商发现，对其产品的最佳改进是停止制造错误，从而降低工艺浪费。当生产过程中的浪费减少时，效率就会提高，汽车的性能也会更好，因为它们的生产更可靠。该项目的目标是为AEC行业的可持续建筑实现类似的收益。该项目将结合实践教育计划，培养可持续建筑方法的专业技能，并将使用案例研究，实验和焦点小组来调查增加增值活动如何降低过程浪费和提高建筑可持续性水平。评估和促进价值实现的机构将受到考验。结果将被合成为一个过程模型，以重新定义高性能项目的建筑项目交付。为了传播过程模型的重要结果，将创建一个名为HPSim的模拟器，使用户能够实验性地操纵交付过程，以简化其高性能建筑项目。这项研究将产生关键的“垫脚石”的知识的重要属性的高性能项目过程。这些知识将提供即时的流程改进，同时制定先进的降低成本和增加价值的优化实践。通过详细的研究，本职业生涯计划将开发一个流程模型，以改善环境可持续建筑的交付（采购，设计和施工）。能源效率和环境可持续性正日益推动消费者的决策：从购买混合动力汽车到增加使用回收产品。建筑、工程和建筑（AEC）行业的消费者越来越重视减少能源和自然资源消耗，并要求更健康的设施。这些"绿色"或"可持续"建筑正在为高性能建筑设定标准。这对于一个消耗地球30%自然资源、占总能源使用量36%的行业来说至关重要。尽管高性能建筑很重要，但其复杂性可能导致项目成本增加和可持续性水平降低，从而阻碍这些建筑的广泛采用。结合实践教育计划，开发可持续建筑方法的专业技能，该项目将使用在制造业中开发和验证的精益方法，以调查流程改进如何简化项目交付并增强建筑的可持续性。其结果将确定高性能建筑物的"精益"（减少浪费）项目交付流程。这些过程可能会提高初始成本的竞争力，从而提高高性能建筑的采用率。通过Chief Dull-Knife College和宾夕法尼亚州立大学的VIEW计划开发的实践学习模块将展示工程创新如何提高可持续解决方案的可负担性。这将使该项目能够影响美洲印第安人和其他低收入社区，这些社区由于初始成本高而无法利用可持续建筑的生命周期效率。此外，未来几代的学生-许多人非常关心环境-将通过这个项目被吸引到工程学科，因为他们将看到先进的工程是环境可持续发展的组成部分。

PROJECT ABSTRACTThis CAREER Plan will study the project delivery (procurement, design, and construction) processes of environmentally sustainable or green buildings to develop a high performance delivery process model. Inspired by the automotive industry's success at lean production and the opportunities for process improvement to enhance sustainable building, an empirical study will investigate how value is created and wasted in green building projects. In the automotive industry, lean processes enabled dramatic advances to vehicle performance, and similar progress can be made in the architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry. Major technological progress was not the impetus for the improvement in the automotive industry; rather automakers discovered that the best improvement for their products was to stop making production mistakes, and subsequently lower process waste. When production had less waste, efficiency improved, and cars ended up performing better because they were manufactured more reliably. The goal of this project is to achieve similar gains for sustainable buildings in the AEC industry. In conjunction with a hands-on educational program for developing professional skills in sustainable building methods, this project will use case studies, experimentation and focus groups to investigate how increasing value-added activities results in lower process waste and elevated levels of building sustainability. Metrics that evaluate and promote the achievement of value will be tested. Results will be synthesized into a process model to redefine building project delivery for high performance projects. To disseminate the vital results of the process model, a simulator called HPSim will be created to enable users to experimentally manipulate delivery processes in order to streamline their high performance building project. This study will generate crucial "stepping-stones" of knowledge of the important attributes of high performance project processes. This knowledge will provide immediate process improvements, while framing advanced cost-reducing and value-increasing optimization practices.Through a detailed study, this CAREER Plan will develop a process model for improving the delivery (procurement, design, and construction) of environmentally sustainable buildings. Energy efficiency and environmental sustainability are increasingly driving the decision-making of consumers: From purchasing hybrid cars to increasing use of recycled products. Consumers of the $600 billion architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry are placing greater emphasis on reducing energy and natural resource consumption and demanding healthier facilities. These "green" or "sustainable" buildings are setting the standard for high performance buildings. This is vital for an industry that consumes 30% of the earth's natural resources and accounts for 36% of the total energy use. Despite the importance of high performance buildings, their complexity can lead to increased project costs and lost levels of sustainability, thus impeding the wider adoption of these buildings. In conjunction with a hands-on educational program for developing professional skills in sustainable building methods, this project will use lean methods developed and proven in manufacturing to investigate how process improvements can streamline project delivery and enhance building sustainability. The results will define "lean" (waste-reducing) project delivery processes for high performance buildings. These processes are likely to improve the initial cost competitiveness and, hence, the rate of adoption of high performance buildings. The hands-on learning modules developed through Chief Dull-Knife College and Penn State's VIEW program will show how engineering innovation improves the affordability of sustainable solutions. This will enable this project to impact American Indians and other low-income communities that have been unable to take advantage of the life-cycle efficiencies of sustainable buildings due to the high initial cost. Furthermore, future generations of students - many acutely concerned about the environment - will be attracted to engineering disciplines through this project as they will see how advanced engineering is integral to environmentally-sustainable development.