Collaborative Research: Gender Differences in Competitive Attitudes

合作研究:竞争态度的性别差异

基本信息

  • 批准号:
    0552138
  • 负责人:
  • 金额:
    --
  • 依托单位:
  • 依托单位国家:
    美国
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
  • 财政年份:
    2006
  • 资助国家:
    美国
  • 起止时间:
    2006-07-01 至 2010-06-30
  • 项目状态:
    已结题

项目摘要

Gender differences in the representation among high profile jobs as well as in certain fields are substantial. Standard economic explanations for such occupational differences include differences in preferences for work hours and responsibilities, differences in ability, as well as discrimination. In a previous study the researchers showed that occupational differences are likely to prevail absent these factors. The reason is that even on a leveled playing field, men and women differ in their preference for competitive environments. Men are found to be twice as likely as women to select a competitive over a non-competitive compensation, and a gender gap in choices remains when controlling for performance, confidence and risk aversion. While women shy away from competition men compete too much. Such gender differences not only reduce the number of women who enter tournaments, but also those who win tournaments. Hence it decreases the chance of women succeeding in competition for promotions and more lucrative jobs.While demonstrating substantial gender differences in competitive attitudes sheds light on what may cause occupational differences between men and women, it also raises a series of new questions. In particular, absent a better understanding of what may cause or affect such differences, it is by no means clear what can be done to improve the representation of high-productivity women in top-managerial positions. In this study two different approaches are used to better understand what affects the compensation choices of men and women. The first approach examines what may cause differences in competitive attitudes. Specifically, the study examines how such differences develop from childhood through adolescence, and whether the differences depend on the equality between men and women in the country where the individual lives. The second approach investigates if there are institutions that not only cause men and women to make more similar compensation choices, but also choices that provide them with a larger monetary payoff. In a prior study, researchers found that too few high-productivity women and too many low productivity men entered the tournament; the current study attempts to whether changing the institutions can encourages these individuals to make payoff-superior compensation choices. Initially, the potential effects of affirmative action are examined. Then, in addition to studying "common" affirmative action rules, the study assesses what may be viewed as an extreme of such a system--single-sex tournaments. Furthermore, the study also determines whether institutions that provide better feedback to participants may improve their decisions. Finally, the study assesses whether competitive attitudes differ when individuals compete in groups against other groups, rather than as individuals. Since women frequently are found to be more cooperative than men, it may be that they are more willing to compete when doing so in a group of people.Broader Impacts: While much work has been done to explain the occupational gender differences, the innovation in this study is the use of controlled experiments to demonstrate that a role may be played by differences in competitive attitudes. Understanding what affects an individual's willingness to compete is expected to lead to further understanding of what may be done to improve the representation of high-productivity women in top positions. Such practical insights have broad implications for society as a whole.
在高级职位和某些领域,男女任职人数差别很大。 对这种职业差异的标准经济解释包括对工作时间和责任的偏好差异、能力差异以及歧视。 在之前的一项研究中,研究人员表明,如果没有这些因素,职业差异可能会占上风。 原因是,即使在一个公平的竞争环境中,男性和女性对竞争环境的偏好也不同。 研究发现,男性选择竞争性薪酬的可能性是女性的两倍,而在控制业绩、信心和风险规避时,选择方面仍然存在性别差距。 当女人回避竞争时,男人竞争太多。 这种性别差异不仅减少了参加锦标赛的妇女人数,而且也减少了赢得锦标赛的妇女人数。 因此,它降低了妇女在竞争晋升和更赚钱的工作中取得成功的机会,虽然在竞争态度方面显示出的巨大性别差异揭示了可能造成男女职业差异的原因,但也提出了一系列新的问题。 特别是,如果不更好地了解可能造成或影响这种差异的原因,就根本不清楚可以做些什么来增加高生产力妇女在高级管理职位上的代表性。在这项研究中,两种不同的方法被用来更好地了解是什么影响了男性和女性的薪酬选择。 第一种方法研究了可能导致竞争态度差异的原因。 具体而言,该研究考察了这种差异是如何从童年到青春期发展的,以及这种差异是否取决于个人所居住国家的男女平等。 第二种方法调查是否有制度,不仅导致男性和女性做出更相似的补偿选择,而且选择,为他们提供了更大的货币回报。 在之前的一项研究中,研究人员发现,太少的高生产力女性和太多的低生产力男性进入了锦标赛;目前的研究试图改变制度是否可以鼓励这些人做出回报更高的薪酬选择。 首先,审查了扶持行动的潜在影响。 然后,除了研究“共同的”平权行动规则外,这项研究还评估了可能被视为这种制度的极端情况-单性别锦标赛。 此外,该研究还确定了向参与者提供更好反馈的机构是否可以改善他们的决策。 最后,该研究评估了当个体在群体中与其他群体竞争时,而不是作为个体竞争时,竞争态度是否不同。 由于女性经常被发现比男性更合作,这可能是他们更愿意竞争时,这样做的一组people.Broader影响:虽然已经做了很多工作来解释职业性别差异,本研究的创新是使用对照实验来证明,竞争态度的差异可能发挥的作用。 了解是什么影响个人的竞争意愿,预计将导致进一步了解可以做些什么来提高高生产力妇女在高级职位中的代表性。 这种实际的见解对整个社会具有广泛的影响。

项目成果

期刊论文数量(0)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)

数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
  • DOI:
    {{ item.doi }}
  • 发表时间:
    {{ item.publish_year }}
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    {{ item.factor }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.authors }}
  • 通讯作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ journalArticles.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ monograph.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ sciAawards.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ conferencePapers.updateTime }}

{{ item.title }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.author }}

数据更新时间:{{ patent.updateTime }}

Muriel Niederle其他文献

How Costly is Diversity? Affirmative Action in Light of Gender Differences in Competitiveness PRELIMINARY
多元化的成本有多大?
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2007
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    Muriel Niederle;C. Segal
  • 通讯作者:
    C. Segal
Ex Post Implementation with Applications
应用程序的事后实施
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2010
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    M. Bumin Yenmez;Michael Ostrovsky;Andrzej Skrzypacz;Robert Wilson;Jeremy Bulow;Itay P. Fainmesser;Yossi Feinberg;Alexander Frankel;John Hatfield;Onur Kesten;John Lazarev;J. Ledyard;Hongyi Li;Naz Nami;Muriel Niederle;Michael Schwarz;Daniel Taylor;Ali Yurukoglu;Leonard W Siepr;Ely;Shirley R Ely
  • 通讯作者:
    Shirley R Ely
Incentive Compatible Market Design with an Application to Matching with Wages
激励相容市场设计与工资匹配的应用
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2009
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    0
  • 作者:
    M. Bumin Yenmez;Michael Ostrovsky;Andrzej Skrzypacz;Robert Wilson;Jeremy Bulow;Yossi Feinberg;Alexander Frankel;John Hatfield;Onur Kesten;John Lazarev;Hongyi Li;Naz Nami;Michael Schwarz;Muriel Niederle;Daniel Taylor;Ali Yurukoglu
  • 通讯作者:
    Ali Yurukoglu
What Will Be Needed for the New Gastroenterology Fellowship Match to Succeed?
  • DOI:
    10.1053/j.gastro.2005.10.058
  • 发表时间:
    2006-01-01
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
  • 作者:
    Muriel Niederle;Deborah D. Proctor;Alvin E. Roth
  • 通讯作者:
    Alvin E. Roth
Cognitive Limitations: Failures of Contingent Thinking
认知局限性:偶然思维的失败
  • DOI:
  • 发表时间:
    2023
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    5.6
  • 作者:
    Muriel Niederle;Emanuel Vespa
  • 通讯作者:
    Emanuel Vespa

Muriel Niederle的其他文献

{{ item.title }}
{{ item.translation_title }}
  • DOI:
    {{ item.doi }}
  • 发表时间:
    {{ item.publish_year }}
  • 期刊:
  • 影响因子:
    {{ item.factor }}
  • 作者:
    {{ item.authors }}
  • 通讯作者:
    {{ item.author }}

{{ truncateString('Muriel Niederle', 18)}}的其他基金

Doctoral Dissertation Research in Economics: Breaking the Bubble - The Determinants and Effects of Contact
经济学博士论文研究:打破泡沫——接触的决定因素和影响
  • 批准号:
    2315456
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
CAREER: Understanding How Markets Work in Enough Detail So We Can Fix Them When They're Broken
职业:足够详细地了解市场如何运作,以便我们可以在市场崩溃时修复它们
  • 批准号:
    0645728
  • 财政年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant

相似国自然基金

Research on Quantum Field Theory without a Lagrangian Description
  • 批准号:
    24ZR1403900
  • 批准年份:
    2024
  • 资助金额:
    0.0 万元
  • 项目类别:
    省市级项目
Cell Research
  • 批准号:
    31224802
  • 批准年份:
    2012
  • 资助金额:
    24.0 万元
  • 项目类别:
    专项基金项目
Cell Research
  • 批准号:
    31024804
  • 批准年份:
    2010
  • 资助金额:
    24.0 万元
  • 项目类别:
    专项基金项目
Cell Research (细胞研究)
  • 批准号:
    30824808
  • 批准年份:
    2008
  • 资助金额:
    24.0 万元
  • 项目类别:
    专项基金项目
Research on the Rapid Growth Mechanism of KDP Crystal
  • 批准号:
    10774081
  • 批准年份:
    2007
  • 资助金额:
    45.0 万元
  • 项目类别:
    面上项目

相似海外基金

Collaborative Research: Gender, Politics, and Environmental Concern
合作研究:性别、政治和环境问题
  • 批准号:
    2420364
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: HSI-Hubs: Intersectionality as Inquiry & Praxis: Race, Class, Gender & Ethnicity for Student Success in STEM
合作研究:HSI-Hubs:交叉性作为探究
  • 批准号:
    2310990
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: HSI-Hubs: Intersectionality as Inquiry & Praxis: Race, Class, Gender & Ethnicity for Student Success in STEM
合作研究:HSI-Hubs:交叉性作为探究
  • 批准号:
    2310991
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: Mapping professional support networks of women and gender and sexual minorities in physics
合作研究:绘制物理学领域女性、性别和性少数群体的专业支持网络
  • 批准号:
    2322915
  • 财政年份:
    2023
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Gender, Politics, and Environmental Concern
合作研究:性别、政治和环境问题
  • 批准号:
    2149224
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Gender, Politics, and Environmental Concern
合作研究:性别、政治和环境问题
  • 批准号:
    2149223
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Investigating Gender Differences in Digital Learning Games with Educational Data Mining
协作研究:利用教育数据挖掘调查数字学习游戏中的性别差异
  • 批准号:
    2201799
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: The Dynamics of Cross-Gender Interracial Interactions
合作研究:跨性别跨种族互动的动态
  • 批准号:
    2222453
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Standard Grant
Collaborative Research: Investigating Gender Differences in Digital Learning Games with Educational Data Mining
协作研究:利用教育数据挖掘调查数字学习游戏中的性别差异
  • 批准号:
    2201796
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
Collaborative Research: A qualitative inquiry into sex/gender narratives in undergraduate biology and their impacts on transgender, non-binary, and gender non-conforming students
合作研究:对本科生物学中的性/性别叙事及其对跨性别、非二元和性别不合格学生的影响进行定性调查
  • 批准号:
    2201809
  • 财政年份:
    2022
  • 资助金额:
    --
  • 项目类别:
    Continuing Grant
{{ showInfoDetail.title }}

作者:{{ showInfoDetail.author }}

知道了