SGER: Fate and Transport of Sewage-derived Pathogens and Indicators in Association with Severe Storms

新奥尔良地区与卡特里娜飓风有关的水文、水力和水质数据和信息的实地收集和编目工作。卡特里娜飓风和随后的城市堤坝决口直接导致新奥尔良的洪水，实时造成了环境和健康危机，为研究这个自然实验室提供了一个无与伦比的机会。城市的许多地区(工业、居民区、商业区等)已被洪水淹没数周。有许多问题与城市内污染的规模、分布和长期影响有关。在这里，我们寻求收集数据，以帮助我们量化水域的来源和路线；水域和污染物存在的地点和时间；以及随着时间的推移发生了什么变化(如果有的话)。除脱水过程后的表层沉积物和近地表土壤污染外，污染物还有可能进入地下水。我们建议在洪水还在的时候以及在城市去水之后，去实地收集水位和水质数据。此外，我们建议收集档案数据，并采用最先进的遥感技术和高精度的地面高程数据，以提供飓风经过之前、期间和之后的气象、周围湖泊和河流水位以及河道水力学。遥感数据将与路易斯安那州立大学地理信息学中心(C4G)合作收集，该中心是该州由NOAA支持的3-D定位来源。这项探索性研究的目标是(1)在空间和时间上量化该地区的水文条件；(2)描述水质(化学和微生物)数据并将其编目；(3)在地理信息系统(GIS)中收集、组织和编目新奥尔良城市分水岭的特征，以及潜在的化学和生物污染源。调查人员处于进行这项研究的独特地位，因为他们靠近并了解该地区；能够获得开展实地工作所需的支助人员和设备；以及能够获得为支持这一项目而设计的研究基础设施。预计可以在大约四到六个月内对数据进行初步分析，并将产生一个数据库、初步报告和手稿，详细说明2005年8月新奥尔良洪水发生前、期间和之后的数据和情况。长期目标将是将这次活动的水文学/水力学与化学和微生物特征结合起来，使我们能够评估活动期间和之后物理过程中潜在毒素的命运和运输。此外，除了提供事件发生后几个月至关重要的信息外，该项目还将有利于后续的科学研究，并将为规划和预测未来极端事件情景提供洞察力。

0554751BlanfordA small exploratory grant is proposed to begin field collection and cataloging of hydrologic, hydraulic, and water quality data and information of the New Orleans area related to Hurricane Katrina. The flooding in New Orleans, as a direct result of Hurricane Katrina and subsequent breaches in levees within the city, has created an environmental and health crisis in real time providing an unparalleled opportunity to study this natural laboratory. Many parts of the city (industrial, residential, commercial, etc) have been submerged in floodwater for weeks. There are many questions related to the magnitude,distribution, and long-term impacts of contamination within the city. Here, we seek to collect data that will help us quantify the sources and routing of the waters; where and for how long the waters and contaminants persisted; and what, if any, transformations occurred over time. In addition to surface sediment and near-surface soil contamination following the de-watering process, there is a potential for contaminants to enter into the groundwater. We propose to go to the field and collect water level and water quality data while the flood waters are still present as well as after the city has been de-watered. Inaddition, we propose to collect archival data and employ advanced state of the art remote sensing and the highly accurate ground elevation data that will provide the meteorology, surrounding lake and river water levels, and channel hydraulics before, during and after the passing of the Hurricane. The remote sensing data will be collected in collaboration with the LSU Center for GeoInformatics (C4G), the NOAA-supported source of 3-D positioning in the state. The objectives of this proposed exploratory study are to (1)spatially and temporally quantify the hydrologic conditions in the area; (2) characterize and catalog water quality (chemical and microbial) data; and (3) collect, organize, and catalog in a geographic information system (GIS) the New Orleans urban watershed characteristics, as well as potential sources of chemical and biological contamination. The investigators are uniquely positioned to perform this research due to their proximity to and knowledge of the region; access to support personnel and equipment necessary toperform the field effort; and access to the research infrastructure designed to support this project. It is anticipated that initial analysis of the data can be performed in approximately four to six months and will lead to a database, preliminary report and a manuscripts detailing the data and conditions leading up to, during, and following the flooding of New Orleans in August 2005. Long-term goals will be to combine the hydrology/hydraulics of this event with the chemical and microbial characteristics allowing us to assess the fate and transport of potential toxins by physical processes during and after the event. In addition, to providing much needed information that will becrucial in the months following the event, this project will be beneficial for follow-on scientific research studies and will provide insight for planning and predicting future extreme event scenarios.