Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Paleoethnobotanical Study of Economic Change (c. AD 900-1400) at Quoygrew Farm, Orkney, Scotland.

博士论文改进补助金：经济变化的古民族植物学研究（约公元 900-1400 年），苏格兰奥克尼群岛 Quoygrew 农场。

• 批准号: 0602406
• 负责人: Gayle Fritz
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Washington University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-03-15 至 2008-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0602406&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Paleoethnobotanical

Under the supervision of Dr. Gayle J. Fritz, Catrina Adams will study carbonized plant remains from the transitional Viking Age/Medieval farm site of Quoygrew (900AD -1400AD). Quoygrew is located on Westray, in the Orkney Islands north of Scotland. Quoygrew is an important site because of its position on the periphery of two states, Norway and Scotland, which formed during the Viking/Medieval period. State formation was accompanied by changes in population size, shifts in religious ideology, and economic changes, including increases in surplus production and the beginnings of a market economy. It is important to understand how the process of state formation in Norway and Scotland affected those living and working in more peripheral areas with strong connections to these nascent states. Adams' analyses will help to determine how life changed at Quoygrew during this important transition period. Paleoethnobotany, the archaeological study of plant remains, is an important way to understand the everyday lives of people who lived at Quoygrew, and the economic decisions made there. Production of plants was important to farmers at Quoygrew, providing members of a household with plant foods, but also allowing them to participate in larger economic systems through production of a surplus. Ms Adams will analyze residues from crop production activities to determine changes in land use, production strategies, and labor involvement over time. Consumption practices are also important, because plant foods and diet can be good indicators of status, and control of exotic or ideologically important foods is an important way leaders can gain or maintain political power over followers. In addition, diet is an important way of identifying members of a group. Adoption of new food items or refusal to adopt these items may have been involved in the formation of a group identity among Orcadians. Adams will identify seeds from exotic plants as well as malted barley (used in beer) and track their distribution across the site over time. Understanding decisions made about plant production and consumption at Quoygrew helps anthropologists learn how people living in peripheries of states react to changing pressures on their ways of life. This project will also have a broader impact by shedding light on modern processes of globalization. As trade networks widen, local economic decisions are increasingly influenced by fluctuations in demand for local products based on non-local conditions. How local producers make economic decisions in response to economic pressures from distant areas is a relevant question for today's increasingly global market. In addition, data from the project will be used to inform an exhibit and reconstruction of the site, which will increase public awareness of the site as well as increasing the public's understanding of methods archaeologists use to explore the past. The results of this study will be published in a site report, in refereed journals, and the raw data from the analysis will be available online to encourage its use by the scientific community. Finally, the author will gain specialized training in paleoethnobotany, which will prepare her for further work in the region.

在盖尔·J·弗里茨 (Gayle J. Fritz) 博士的监督下，卡特里娜·亚当斯 (Catrina Adams) 将研究科伊格鲁 (Quoygrew) 过渡维京时代/中世纪农场遗址（公元 900 年 - 公元 1400 年）的碳化植物遗骸。奎格鲁位于苏格兰北部奥克尼群岛的韦斯特雷。科伊格鲁是一个重要的遗址，因为它位于挪威和苏格兰这两个国家的边缘，这两个国家形成于维京/中世纪时期。国家的形成伴随着人口规模的变化、宗教意识形态的转变和经济变革，包括剩余生产的增加和市场经济的开始。重要的是要了解挪威和苏格兰的国家形成过程如何影响那些与这些新生国家有密切联系的外围地区生活和工作的人们。 Adams 的分析将有助于确定 Quoygrew 的生活在这个重要的过渡时期发生了怎样的变化。古民族植物学是对植物遗骸的考古研究，是了解夸格鲁居民日常生活以及那里做出的经济决策的重要途径。植物生产对于夸伊格鲁的农民来说非常重要，它为家庭成员提供植物性食物，同时也让他们能够通过生产剩余产品参与更大的经济体系。亚当斯女士将分析农作物生产活动的残留物，以确定土地利用、生产策略和劳动力参与随时间的变化。消费习惯也很重要，因为植物性食品和饮食可以成为地位的良好指标，而对异国情调或具有意识形态重要意义的食品的控制是领导者获得或维持对追随者的政治权力的重要方式。此外，饮食也是识别群体成员的重要方式。采用新食品或拒绝采用这些食品可能与奥卡迪亚人群体身份的形成有关。亚当斯将识别来自外来植物以及麦芽（用于啤酒）的种子，并跟踪它们随着时间的推移在整个地点的分布。了解 Quoygrew 有关植物生产和消费的决策有助于人类学家了解生活在国家边缘地区的人们如何应对生活方式压力的变化。该项目还将通过揭示全球化的现代进程而产生更广泛的影响。随着贸易网络的扩大，地方经济决策越来越受到基于非本地条件的本地产品需求波动的影响。对于当今日益全球化的市场来说，当地生产商如何做出经济决策以应对来自遥远地区的经济压力是一个相关问题。此外，该项目的数据将用于为该遗址的展览和重建提供信息，这将提高公众对该遗址的认识，并加深公众对考古学家探索过去的方法的理解。这项研究的结果将在现场报告和参考期刊上发表，分析的原始数据将在网上提供，以鼓励科学界使用。最后，作者将获得古民族植物学方面的专门培训，这将为她在该地区的进一步工作做好准备。