DOCTORAL DISSERTATION RESEARCH: Regulated Public Environments: The Changing Geography of U.S. Urban Poverty

博士论文研究：受监管的公共环境：美国城市贫困的地理分布变化

• 批准号: 0603088
• 负责人: Ananya Roy
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: University of California-Berkeley
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-04-01 至 2007-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0603088&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: DOCTORAL; DISSERTATION; RESEARCH; Regulated; Public

Contemporary research on concentrated poverty assumes intractable ghettos and a dying urban core. In the meantime, welfare reform and gentrification have changed the framework for these debates, giving rise to new spatial arrangements and a new geography of poverty and opportunity in America's urban areas. Central to this new geography are spaces of poverty management the researcher describes as regulated public environments. While one can identify numerous types of places where poverty flourishes or where a poor public needs assistance, regulated public environments receive their distinct characteristics through their relationship with the current system of poverty regulation where they are maintained through the apparatus of the state. Using one paradigmatic case, the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD)'s Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere (HOPE VI) program, this research will examine how poverty is diagnosed and managed within the contemporary US welfare state. It will consider the discourses, practices, and relationships that shape how a local housing authority implements HOPE VI and will elucidate the historical and social processes of poverty management embedded in those practices. This research will be situated at both the federal and local levels: in Washington DC, the site of policy formulation and regulation, and at a local public housing authority in San Francisco, the site of implementation. Archival research into the institutional history of the San Francisco Housing Authority and the policy-making discourses behind HOPE VI will uncover the goals and means embedded in the program. Direct observation in the arenas of knowledge production, decision-making, and institutional practice including the San Francisco Housing Authority (SFHA) and professional conferences, meetings and trainings will reveal how institutional understandings of poverty, housing, and HOPE VI are constructed and disseminated. Narratives of SFHA staff and participants in local housing collaborations will explore how they experience and make sense of the potentially conflicting goals of poverty alleviation, housing provision, and the HOPE VI program in their everyday work. It also will provide an opportunity to place these conflicts in space, connecting them to emerging spaces of urban poverty management. Ultimately, this research will provide empirical evidence that reveals the ways that poverty-management programs impact the institutional, physical, and social geographies of poverty and opportunity in US urban areas. This work investigates HOPE VI as a project of poverty management with specific tensions and dynamics that emerge from its unique institutional and spatial arrangements. It analyzes how these dynamics play out on the ground, connecting welfare state scholarship to the question of space. At a time when catastrophic events are forcing the nation to rethink the vulnerability of its urban poor and the role of the state in providing basic resources for all citizens in need, this project provides a detailed analysis of the relationship between poverty framing, poverty alleviation and urban space as well as the challenges of poverty management implicit in the post-welfare era. It is expected that this research will be of significance not only to academic disciplines, but also to future public policy, philanthropic agenda-setting, and the practices of urban planning and community development. As a Doctoral Dissertation Research Improvement award, this award also will provide support to enable a promising student to establish a strong independent research career.

当代关于集中贫困的研究假设了棘手的贫民区和濒临死亡的城市核心。与此同时，福利改革和士绅化改变了这些辩论的框架，在美国的城市地区产生了新的空间安排和新的贫困和机会地理。这一新地理的中心是贫困管理空间，研究人员将其描述为受监管的公共环境。虽然人们可以确定贫困猖獗或贫困公众需要援助的许多类型的地方，但受监管的公共环境通过它们与目前的贫困监管制度的关系获得其独特的特征，在这种制度下，它们是通过国家机器维持的。本研究以一个典型案例--住房与城市发展部(HUD)的S“各地人民的住房机会”(HOPE VI)项目为例，探讨了在当代美国福利国家中贫困是如何被诊断和管理的。它将考虑塑造地方住房当局如何实施HOPE VI的话语、实践和关系，并将阐明这些实践中嵌入的贫困管理的历史和社会过程。这项研究将在联邦和地方两级进行：在华盛顿特区，政策制定和监管的地点，以及旧金山的地方公共住房当局，执行地点。对旧金山住房管理局机构历史和HOPE VI背后的政策制定话语的档案研究将揭示该计划中嵌入的目标和手段。在包括旧金山住房委员会(SFHA)在内的知识生产、决策和机构实践的舞台上的直接观察以及专业会议、会议和培训将揭示机构对贫困、住房和希望VI的理解是如何构建和传播的。SFHA工作人员和当地住房合作参与者的故事将探索他们如何在日常工作中体验和理解扶贫、住房供应和HOPE VI计划的潜在冲突目标。它还将提供一个机会，将这些冲突置于空间中，将它们与城市贫困管理的新兴空间联系起来。最终，这项研究将提供经验证据，揭示贫困管理项目如何影响美国城市地区贫困和机会的制度、自然和社会地理位置。这项工作调查了HOPE VI作为一个贫穷管理项目，其独特的体制和空间安排产生了具体的紧张和动态。它分析了这些动态是如何在地面上发挥作用的，将福利国家学术与太空问题联系起来。在灾难性事件迫使国家重新思考其城市穷人的脆弱性以及国家在为所有有需要的公民提供基本资源方面的作用之际，该项目详细分析了贫困框架、减贫和城市空间之间的关系，以及后福利时代隐含的贫困管理挑战。预计这项研究不仅对学术学科具有重要意义，而且对未来的公共政策、慈善议程设置以及城市规划和社区发展的实践也具有重要意义。作为博士论文研究改进奖，该奖项还将提供支持，使有前途的学生建立一个强大的独立研究生涯。