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SGER: Search for a Indian Ocean Paleotsunami Record Along the Andaman Coast, Thailand

SGER：沿着泰国安达曼海岸寻找印度洋古海啸记录

基本信息

批准号：
0605328
负责人：
Brady Rhodes
金额：
$ 1.95万
依托单位：
CSU Fullerton Auxiliary Services Corporation
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
Standard Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2006-03-15 至 2007-02-28
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0605328&HistoricalAwards=false
关键词：
SGER Search Indian Ocean Paleotsunami

项目摘要

As the December 2004 tsunami made painfully clear, there is no tsunami warning system in the Indian Ocean. There has been no impetus for a warning system prior to this event because there are very few known historical or geologic records of previous tsunamis in this part of the Indian Ocean, and therefore no estimates on the frequency of such events. Onshore, the 2004 tsunami deposited sand in a variety of marshy environments, and, given the proximity of the Sumatran trench to the West, it seems highly likely that large pre-historic tsunamis affected this region and left behind similar sedimentary records. The existence of the 2004 tsunami deposit provides a unique opportunity to find such a record of these tsunamis. The PIs will carry out a project to locate and core suitable sedimentary traps along the Andaman coast of Phuket Island - traps that should have captured a long term record of tsunamis derived from earthquakes along the Sumatran Trench. However, the coastal sites they have identified all lie within rapidly developing tourist areas where resort development has accelerated in the post-tsunami period, and now threatens to destroy the most promising paleotsunami sites. Resort development makes airfares cheap and usually makes for easier access (roads, infrastructure, etc.) - but in this case, it also threatens the study sites themselves.This project is identifying suitable, primarily muddy, sedimentary environments within the 2004 inundation zone where preservation of tsunami deposits is most likely. The surficial geology and topography at each site is mapped using differential GPS. Cores from these sites are collected using a Livingstone piston corer capable of capturing cores up to 5 m long. Cores are analyzed using a variety of sedimentary, chemical and physical criteria to identify any paleotsunami deposits, and to document the Holocene history of the region. Key samples are extracted from the cores for 14C dating. This project will verify the existence of paleotsunami deposits in coastal marshes of Phuket and provide a preliminary Holocene depositional chronology for the Andaman region. The impact of the 2004 tsunami was devastating to Thailand. Efforts to understand the future tsunami hazard depend on knowledge of the prehistoric tsunami chronology. In particular, the documentation of previous tsunamis will help dispel the myth that this was a one-time-ever event, and lend momentum to tsunami hazard preparation along the densely populated and rapidly developing Andaman coast. In addition to the appropriate international peer-reviewed journals, the PIs will publish results in local Thai publications, and present the results at conferences in Thailand. At least one CSUF student will be involved in the core analyses. Thai students (funded by Chulalongkorn University) will also participate in the field work.This will be a collaborative project with Thai scientists who will gain new expertise in the sampling and analysis of Holocene sediment, an expertise they currently lack. The continuation of international goodwill, understanding and cooperation will be a significant impact of this project both at CSUF and in Thailand.

2004年12月的海啸令人痛苦地表明，印度洋没有海啸预警系统。在这一事件发生之前，没有建立预警系统的动力，因为印度洋这一地区以往海啸的已知历史或地质记录很少，因此没有对这类事件发生频率的估计。2004年的海啸在陆地上的各种沼泽环境中沉积了沙子，而且，鉴于Summarte海沟靠近西部，史前大海啸似乎很可能影响了这一地区，并留下了类似的沉积记录。2004年海啸存款的存在为找到这些海啸的记录提供了一个独特的机会。PI将开展一个项目，以确定普吉岛安达曼海岸沿着合适的沉积圈闭的位置并取芯-这些圈闭应已捕获了苏门答腊海沟沿着地震引发的海啸的长期记录。然而，他们所确定的沿海地点都位于迅速发展的旅游区，在海啸后时期，度假胜地的发展加速，现在有可能摧毁最有前途的古海啸遗址。度假村的发展使机票便宜，通常使更容易进入（道路，基础设施等）。- 但在这种情况下，它也威胁到了研究地点本身。2该项目正在2004年的淹没区内确定合适的、主要是泥泞的沉积环境，那里最有可能保存海啸沉积物。利用差分全球定位系统绘制每个地点的地表地质和地形图。从这些网站的核心是收集使用利文斯通活塞取样器能够捕获核心长达5米。使用各种沉积、化学和物理标准对岩心进行分析，以确定任何古海啸沉积物，并记录该地区的全新世历史。从岩心中提取关键样品进行14 C测年。该项目将核实普吉岛沿海沼泽中古海啸沉积物的存在，并为安达曼地区提供初步的全新世沉积年代学。2004年的海啸对泰国造成了毁灭性的影响。了解未来海啸灾害的努力依赖于史前海啸年表的知识。特别是，以往海啸的记录将有助于消除这是一个一次性事件的神话，并为人口稠密和迅速发展的安达曼海岸沿着的海啸灾害准备提供动力。除了适当的国际同行评审期刊外，PI还将在泰国当地出版物上发表结果，并在泰国的会议上展示结果。至少有一名CSUF学生将参与核心分析。泰国学生（由朱拉隆功大学资助）也将参加实地工作，这将是一个与泰国科学家合作的项目，他们将获得全新世沉积物取样和分析方面的新专门知识，这是他们目前缺乏的专门知识。国际善意、理解与合作的持续将对CSUF和泰国的这一项目产生重大影响。