Network Dynamics in an Emerging Democracy

这个项目分析了从1987年到2006年整个经济和政治转型时期企业和政党的相互作用，以市场导向的企业和竞争性政党同时出现的情况为例。这个案例涉及政治和经济领域的同时转型，国家与经济的分离以及经济领域可能的再政治化。在审查新的以市场为导向的公司和新的竞争政党时，出现了一个关键问题：商业网络和政治联系之间的关系是什么？通过收集政治商业团体从网络形成的第一刻起的数据，该项目将检验政治社会学和政治学关于商业联系和政治从属关系的因果关系和时间的对立假设。这个案例提供了一个机会来研究国家层面的网络演变动态是如何被跨国经济和政治进程所塑造的。匈牙利从一个相对封闭的经济体，现在已融入欧洲联盟，是世界上最开放的经济体之一，拥有前所未有的外国直接投资。大量的外国投资会导致企业集团的解体吗？监管政策中心的转变会导致国家政党的转变吗？为了研究政治商业集团的形成和动态，调查人员将构建一个前所未有的数据集，其中包括：全国最大的2,200家企业的所有高级经理和所有董事会成员，以及所有当选的政治家，每个公职人员的党派关系。在自由选举前几年，政治数据集将包括中共政治局和中央委员会的成员，以及政府部长和副部长。检察机关将对特定企业在特定月份的经济和政治干部名单进行合并，并查明该企业是否有现任或前任政治干部出身于特定政党的经济干部。为了识别商业网络和政治关系的共同进化过程，研究者开发了社会序列分析和动态凝聚力分析的创新方法。知识价值。这是对现代政治商业集团的第一次全面研究，从网络形成的最初时刻开始，同时涵盖了经济转型和政治制度变革的整个时代，研究了网络动力学。这个前所未有的数据集使得使用定量历史社会学的创新方法来测试有关政治商业集团动态的竞争性假设成为可能。广泛的影响。这项对新市场导向的公司和新竞争政党之间关系的研究将产生关于民主化和经济发展的见解。在大量外国投资和超国家融入欧盟的背景下，对政治商业集团动态的分析将引起新兴民主国家、美国政府机构和世界银行等国际机构的政策分析师的兴趣。

Ses-0616802PI:David Stark Co PI: Balazs Vedres Institution: Columbia UniversityThis project analyzes the interactions of firms and parties across an entire epoch of economic and political transformation from 1987 to 2006 in a case where market-oriented enterprises and competitive political parties emerged in tandem. The case involves the simultaneous transformation of political and economic fields, the separation of state from economy and a possible re-politicization of the economic field. In examining newly market-oriented firms and newly competitive political parties, a key question arises: What is the relationship between business networks and political ties? By collecting data on political business groups from the first moment of network formation, the project will test rival hypotheses from political sociology and political science about the causal relations and timing of business ties and political affiliations. The case provides an opportunity to study how the dynamics of network evolution at the national level are shaped additionally by transnational processes, both economic and political. From a relatively closed economy, Hungary is now integrated into the European Union and has one of the most open economies in the world, with unprecedented levels of foreign direct investment. Does massive foreign investment lead to the break up of business groups? Does a shift in the locus of regulatory policy lead to a shift away from national parties? To study the formation and dynamics of political business groups, the investigators will construct an unprecedented dataset that includes: every senior manager and all of the members of the boards of directors of the largest 2,200 enterprises in the country for the entire twenty-year and every elected politician, with party affiliations of each officeholder. For the years prior to free elections, the political dataset will include members of the Communist Party's Politburo and Central Committee, as well as government ministers and deputies. The PIs will merge the lists of economic and political officeholders, for any given enterprise in any given month, and identify whether that company had an economic officeholder who was also a current or former political officeholder affiliated with a particular political party. To identify processes of the co-evolution of business networks and political affiliations, the investigators develop innovative methods of social sequence analysis and dynamic cohesion analysis. Intellectual Merit. This is the first comprehensive study of modern political business groups that examines network dynamics from the first moments of network formation while encompassing an entire epoch of economic transformation and political regime change. This unprecedented dataset makes it possible to test rival hypotheses about the dynamics of political business groups using innovative methods of quantitative historical sociology. Broad Impact. This study of the relationship between newly market-oriented firms and newly competitive political parties will yield insights about democratization and economic development. The analysis of the dynamics of political business groups in a context of massive foreign investment and supranational integration into the EU will be of interest to policy analysts in emerging democracies, in U.S. government agencies, and international institutions such as the World Bank.