Doctoral Dissertation Research: Local Actors and US Anti-Trafficking Policy: Interpretation, Mediation, and Implementation

摘要：本民族志研究考察了美国反人口贩运政策在纽约大都市区的执行情况。越来越多地在国家和国际一级实施反贩运法律，目的是防止强迫、胁迫或欺骗人口进入剥削性劳动条件的实际和严重问题。具体而言，本研究侧重于美国最近颁布的2000年《人口贩运受害者保护法》（TVPA）对政府官员、人口贩运受害者以及根据该法律向他们提供服务的非政府组织（ngo）的不同含义和后果。本项目结合民族志方法和政策分析，将政策的抽象术语与如何在当地实施并转化为实际服务进行了联系和对比。这项研究调查了法律的概念和写作方式与联邦官员和服务提供者如何实施法律之间的关系。本研究在多个地点采用了多种方法，包括参与观察、深入生活史访谈、档案研究和政策分析。调查人员将调查政府官员、被贩运妇女以及为她们提供服务的组织如何使用、理解和解释法律。这种方法的结合将使人们能够比较数据，并将个人对TVPA的解释与实际的法律和政策条款进行对比。更广泛的影响：本研究对立法者和非政府组织服务提供者具有实际应用价值，他们希望更好地了解反贩运法律和政策对严重形式贩运受害者的影响，并最终改进利用这些法律和政策的方式，使这些人受益。被贩运妇女与非政府组织服务提供者互动的民族志将阐明联邦政策在地方一级的运作方式，以及关于移徙和贩运的国家政策如何影响被贩运妇女的日常生活。这项研究将阐明在人口贩运现象中更广泛地使用性别。

C. Vance & A. Peters Abstract:This ethnographic study examines the implementation of US anti-trafficking policy in the New York metropolitan area. Anti-trafficking laws, increasingly implemented at the national and international level, aim to prevent the real and serious problem of forced, coerced, or deceptive movement of people into exploitative conditions of labor. Specifically, this study focuses on the diverse meanings and consequences of a recent US law, the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000, for government officials, victims of trafficking, and the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) who provide services to them under the legislation. Using a combination of ethnographic methods and policy analysis, this project links and contrasts the abstract terms of policy and how it is implemented locally and translated into service delivery on the ground. The study investigates the relationship between how the law is conceptualized and written and how federal officials and service providers implement it. The study uses multiple methods at multiple sites, including participant observation, in-depth life history interviews, archival research, and policy analysis. The investigator will examine how government officials, trafficked women, and the organizations providing them with services use, understand, and interpret the law. This combination of methods will enable one to compare data and contrast individuals' interpretations of the TVPA with the actual terms of law and policy. Broader Impacts: This study has practical applications for lawmakers and NGO service providers seeking to better understand the impact of anti-trafficking law and policy on victims of severe forms of trafficking, and ultimately improve the ways in which it can be utilized to benefit these individuals. Ethnography of trafficked women's interactions with NGO service providers will illuminate the ways in which federal policy is operationalized at the local level and how national policies on migration and trafficking affect the everyday lives of trafficked women. The study will shed light on broader uses of gender within the phenomenon of people trafficking.