Doctoral Dissertation Research: Local Actors and US Anti-Trafficking Policy: Interpretation, Mediation, and Implementation

摘要：这项民族志研究考察了美国反人口贩运政策在纽约大都会地区的实施情况。在国家和国际一级越来越多地实施反贩运法律，旨在防止强迫、强迫或欺骗性地将人们转移到剥削劳动条件的真实和严重的问题。具体地说，本研究侧重于美国最近的一项法律--2000年《贩运受害者保护法》(TVPA)--对政府官员、贩运受害者和根据该法律向他们提供服务的非政府组织(NGO)的不同含义和后果。该项目结合使用人种学方法和政策分析，将政策的抽象术语以及如何在当地实施和转化为实地提供的服务联系起来并加以对比。这项研究调查了法律是如何概念化和编写的，以及联邦官员和服务提供商如何实施它之间的关系。本研究在多个地点使用了多种方法，包括参与者观察、深入的生活史访谈、档案研究和政策分析。调查员将调查政府官员、被贩卖妇女和为她们提供服务的组织如何使用、理解和解释法律。这种方法的结合将使人们能够比较数据，并将个人对TVPA的解释与实际的法律和政策术语进行对比。更广泛的影响：这项研究对立法者和非政府组织服务提供者具有实际应用价值，以期更好地了解反人口贩运法律和政策对严重形式人口贩运受害者的影响，并最终改进利用这些法律和政策使这些人受益的方式。被贩运妇女与非政府组织服务提供者互动的民族志将阐明联邦政策在地方一级实施的方式，以及关于移徙和贩运的国家政策如何影响被贩运妇女的日常生活。这项研究将揭示性别在人口贩运现象中的更广泛用途。

C. Vance & A. Peters Abstract:This ethnographic study examines the implementation of US anti-trafficking policy in the New York metropolitan area. Anti-trafficking laws, increasingly implemented at the national and international level, aim to prevent the real and serious problem of forced, coerced, or deceptive movement of people into exploitative conditions of labor. Specifically, this study focuses on the diverse meanings and consequences of a recent US law, the Trafficking Victims Protection Act (TVPA) of 2000, for government officials, victims of trafficking, and the non-governmental organizations (NGOs) who provide services to them under the legislation. Using a combination of ethnographic methods and policy analysis, this project links and contrasts the abstract terms of policy and how it is implemented locally and translated into service delivery on the ground. The study investigates the relationship between how the law is conceptualized and written and how federal officials and service providers implement it. The study uses multiple methods at multiple sites, including participant observation, in-depth life history interviews, archival research, and policy analysis. The investigator will examine how government officials, trafficked women, and the organizations providing them with services use, understand, and interpret the law. This combination of methods will enable one to compare data and contrast individuals' interpretations of the TVPA with the actual terms of law and policy. Broader Impacts: This study has practical applications for lawmakers and NGO service providers seeking to better understand the impact of anti-trafficking law and policy on victims of severe forms of trafficking, and ultimately improve the ways in which it can be utilized to benefit these individuals. Ethnography of trafficked women's interactions with NGO service providers will illuminate the ways in which federal policy is operationalized at the local level and how national policies on migration and trafficking affect the everyday lives of trafficked women. The study will shed light on broader uses of gender within the phenomenon of people trafficking.